Ancient Near Eastern Thought Essay - 3623 Words

Ancient Near Eastern Thought and the Old Testament (Introducing the Conceptual World of the Hebrew Bible) Introduction Using contemporary studies as the foundation of his research John Walton reviews the ancient and Near Eastern and Israelite cognitive context. He provides guidance for students and general public to have a wider understanding and expand their knowledge of today’s culture, and historical culture interacts with the ancient world culture. In doing so, he tries to balance all audiences though examining artifacts to assist the individual’s understanding through these artifacts about both the historical prospective and culture and the parallel with the Bible. Summary of Book The book is divided into five parts. Part 1,†¦show more content†¦What follows is a discussion about the types and characteristics of religious practices. In particular, the discussion hinges on establishing the point that there are reflections of wisdom in all knowledge. In these and other ways, comparative studies both challenged and enhanced biblical scholarship. Walton also discusses the reaction to comparative studies in confessional scholarship, which has not always been positive due to its implication that the Old Testament is not unique (p. 35). Walton concludes by envisioning an integrated role for comparative studies in which it assists in critical analysis, defense of the biblical text, and exegesis of the biblical text (pp. 38-40). In conclusion, Part 1 of Ancient Near Eastern Thought and the Old Testament serve as an excellent introduction to comparative studies. Part 2 – Literature of the Ancient Near East Chapter 3 – Summary of Literature of Ancient Near East Chapter 3 is divided up into 4 sections. These are: 1) myths, 2) literary texts and epics, 3) ritual texts, and 4) divination/incantation texts 5) letters, 6)Royal Inscrriptions 7) Annals/Chronicles, 8) Treaties, 9) Law Collections, 10) Legal Documents, Hymns and Prayers, 11) Wisdom Literature, 12) Prophecy, 13) Fictional Autobiography/Apocalyptic 14) Archives and 15) Miscellaneous. Under each of those sections there are examples of writings on that topic from various ancient Near Eastern cultures. The areasShow MoreRelatedBook Summary of John H. Walton, Ancient Near Eastern Thought and the Old Testament:4623 Words   |  19 PagesJohn H. Walton’s Ancient Near Eastern Thought and the Old Testament: Introducing the Conceptual World of the Hebrew Bible is broken up into fourteen chapters. Those fourteen chapters are each part of one of five sections. This book also contains over twenty historical images. Befor e the introduction, the author gives readers a full appendix of all images used in this published work. The author then gives his acknowledgements followed by a list of abbreviations. Part 1- Comparative studies TheRead MoreThe Museum Of Fine Arts751 Words   |  4 Pageswriting to you to express my interest in the job opportunity â€Å"Terrace Research Associate in Egyptian Art† in the Department of Art of the Ancient World, one of open staff positions in Museum of Fine Arts (MFA) Boston next Summer. As an applicant for the job opportunity in Museum of Fine Arts (MFA) Boston, I would be interested in the division, the Arts of Ancient Egypt collections I hold a Bachelor’s degree in Egyptology from Cairo University in Egypt, where I studied in its prestigious DepartmentRead MoreIntroduction The great American scholar, William Foxwell Albright was an American Biblical800 Words   |  4 Pagesreferred as the ‘father of biblical archaeology’† He was considered an expert in many areas of study associated to the ancient Near East, particularly the Old Testament. â€Å"Albright’s most enduring legacy is his contribution to the establishment of a new paradigm of ancient Near Eastern Studies called biblical archaeology.† Furthermore, Albright was an authority on Near Eastern languages and became known in the archaeological world for his authentication of the Dead Sea Scrolls. His archaeologicalRead MoreThe Visit At The Metropolitan Museum Of Art1310 Words   |  6 Pagesthe thanksgiving break I visited the Metropolitan Museum of Art. The Met is an art museum in New York City that has a variety of ancient artwork from different cultures and time periods. There is paintings and sculptures from Ancient Egypt, Ancient Rome and Greece. The museum is additionally home to artwork from many different time periods including ancient Near Eastern Art, Middle Ages and Europe during the Renaissance. The Met also has artwork from many different religions such as ChristianityRead MoreGENESIS AND ANCIENT MYTHS OF THE NEAR EAST930 Words   |  4 Pagesapproaches the biblical text, it is important to explore the cultural context in which the text occurs. With regard to the Book of Genesis, it is important to examine the writing with other contemporary works of similar geography and topics. The people of ancient Mesopotamia, where the oldest civilizations originated, pr oduced a number of stories of creation and natural occurrences. It is important to note that many of the stories of the Sumerians, Akkadians and Hebrews began as oral traditions as the eventsRead MoreThe First Address Of Moses Essay925 Words   |  4 Pagesceremony to be performed after they taken the land. II. Parallels from the Ancient World A. Deuteronomy contains Moses farewell speeches, arranged in a document format or types of treaties common in the ancient near East. A covenant is a means of establishing a binding relationship that does not naturally exist otherwise. B. The Hittite Parallels: This treaty structure was used by different nation in the ancient near Eastern history, our purposes are found in Hittite documents. These Hittite suzeraintyRead MoreCivilization is Connected from the Mesopotamians to the Powerful Roman Empire836 Words   |  4 Pagesfor Hammurabi’s Code of law to be written and preserved through the ages. The Phoenicians took this concept another step forward and fashioned the alphabet. The ability to record history is an exceptional achievement. Another development of the Ancient Near East was architecture. The Egyptian pyramids, and the Babylonian ziggurats stand as testimony to their society’s technological and architectural achievements. The Assyrians left a lasting impact on civilization with the advent of the idea of conquestRead MoreAncient Eastern Thought and the Old Testament Essay10692 Words   |  43 PagesLIBERTY UNIVERSITY THE BIBLE AMONG THE MYTHS JOHN, N. OSWALT A SUMMARY PAPER OF THE TEXT ANCIENT NEAR EASTERN THOUGHT AND THE OLD TESTAMENT SUBMITTED TO DR. RANDY G. HANEY DEPARTMENT OF THEOLOGY BY 03 MARCH 2013 Table of Contents CHAPTER 1: HISTORY AND METHODS 3 CHAPTER 2: COMPARATIVE STUDIES, SCHOLARSHIP, AND THEOLOGY 6 CHAPTER 3: SUMMARY OF THE LITERATURE OF THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST 10 CHAPTER 4: THE GODS 14 CHAPTER 5: TEMPLES AND RITUALS 19 CHAPTER 6: STATE AND FAMILYRead MoreEssay on Book Summary of the Bible Among the Myths2904 Words   |  12 PagesIntroduction Author John N. Oswalt begins The Bible Among the Myths: Unique Revelation or Just Ancient Literature? with a concise and well-written introduction that whets the reader’s appetite, compelling one to continue reading. He begins by informing the reader that his novel has been in the works dating all of the way back to the 1960s, when he attended the Asbury Theological Seminary. Oswalt quickly points out that one of the main points that the book will focus on is determining if â€Å"theRead MoreEssay on Hebrew Nomads View on the Creation1180 Words   |  5 PagesHebrew Nomads View on Genesis People have been trying to explain the existence of humans and the origins of our world since ancient times. There are many different theories and myths that attempt to describe the earliest beginnings of our present world. In the Ancient Near East one of the most popular creation myths was the Babylonian creation myth also known as Enuma Elish. Hebrew nomads like Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Moses, and David lived in tents while traveling to different locations in search

Exploring the Sixties Essay examples - 1513 Words

Exploring the Sixties We often hear the sixties referred to as the ‘swinging’ decade bye people who were around at the time, but really how true is this statement. Were the sixties really swinging or is that just the way people want to remember them. Could the term ‘the swinging sixties’ really have been created to mask the tragedy and suffering of many during that decade? The sixties was, undoubtedly one of the most internationally hostile decades of the century. Through many separate events there was a breakdown in international trust. I will go into these later. No one can deny however that the sixties were swinging, at least in the world of fashion. Music too was a big influence on†¦show more content†¦This information gained from these two valuable primary sources contrasts strongly with other sources that I have studied. One other source for instance described a MOD called Denzil and an average week for him. It was written in a book called ‘the sixties’ written by Frances Wheen in 1982. Because this book was published after the sixties it is a secondary source and therefore we cannot be guaranteed its authenticity. It is probably then safe to assume that the MOD in question had exaggerated slightly what was written in the source. It describes his week and sees him out every night of he week but Thursday a various pubs an d night clubs around London. This Source cannot be taken, and considered the lifestyle of the average man or woman of the sixties because as we have seen so far with my two primary sources, it wasn’t. This source was probably written to form part of book which was either a cash-in on the sixties portrayal as the swinging decade, or as a source in a proper educational history book. We can see from my interviews so far that this kind of lifestyle was certainly not lived by the majority of people. Although many thought that this was the life led by most MODs. We can see that this was common opinion by looking at a satirical picture from ‘punch’Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Poem Conscript By Fa Horn And The Photograph 842 Words   |  4 Pages‘Conscript’ by FA Horn and ‘The Photograph’ by Peter Kocan. Contrasting initial subjects are explored as ‘Conscript’ tells the story of a man enlisted in war, which furthermore teache s him life skills in order for him to advance into a true man, exploring the loss of his identity. This differs to ‘The Photograph’ which explores the loss of a man who was sent to war and tragically killed before experiencing the joys of life. Horn expresses in ‘Conscript’ that metaphorically ‘he’s twice the man he wasRead MoreThe Parthenon Essay1047 Words   |  5 PagesPersian Greek wars, Athens believed that Athena watched over them and that she helped them throughout the war. The Parthenon represents the wealth, power, society, and culture of Athens. The building of the Parthenon cost the Athenians four hundred and sixty nine talents, which symbolized Athens as wealthy. The culture of Athens also was evident in the structure and designing of the temple. The Parthenon satisfied the Athenians and gave them pride and joy. Unfortunately, in a misfortunate eventRead More Erik Eriksons Theories of Psychosocial Development Regarding Aging and Development673 Words   |  3 Pagesabilities to be successful and not doubt their abilities. Successfully completing this stage will lead to a filling of competence according to Erikson. Identity vs. confusion is from age eleven to nineteen. During this stage teens are ultimately exploring themselves. They are focusing on their self independence and who they are/want to be in the world. Success in this stage leads to self confidence and a feeling of independence and control. Failure will result in insecurities and confused and anxiousRead MoreThe Adulthood Period ( Age 25-65 Years )794 Words   |  4 Pagessociologically, an interview was conducted. To understood the difference in development, an adult must be interviewed in order to compare the differences between an individual who is around his sixties versus someone who is around their twenties. Background of interviewee John, who is currently in his sixties, works as library assistance. He was chosen as an interviewee since I have often spotted him helping others and he also seemed to be an approachable, kind individual. I do not personally knowRead MoreAnalysis of Diving Into the Wreck813 Words   |  4 Pagesher alive actually means that the importance of women’s rights and all the women she is fighting for keeps her going. Rich continues in lines forty-five to sixty to speak about actually getting deep into the ocean and thinking about all the others who have explored there. She mentions â€Å"exploring the wreck† in line fifty-five. â€Å"Exploring the wreck† is an allusion for her journey in fighting for women’s rights. She goes on to mention all the good things that will come out of her fight. In the nextRead MoreSWOT Analysis of Starbucks1304 Words   |  5 PagesCorporation is a world coffee company and a house chain with headquarters in Seattle, Washington. This company is the largest in the world with most of its activities dealing with coffee-products making. It has twenty thousand three hundred and sixty six stores in sixty-one countries. Most of the stores are in the United States of America. 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The dataset is a key strengthRead MoreStages Of Attachment Of The Infant s Attachment1211 Words   |  5 Pagesup to be held, and seek comfort by molding themselves to their mother’s body. Having done this, the securely attached baby will usually want down to continue exploring the room in her presence (Broderick Blewitt, 2003). In this example, we see at play the attachment functions of proximity maintenance, secure haven, and safe base. Sixty-five percent of the 1-year-olds in the Ainsworth et al. (1978) study showed this response pattern, and in most subsequent research, the majority of babies fit

Radiation Dose In Pediatric Cranial Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

In the past two decennaries, the figure of encephalon computed imaging scrutiny has increased quickly. This is in big portion due to progresss in multidetector CT engineering, which allows faster image acquisition and improved image quality. The increased usage in CT surveies has led to a significantly increased radiation dosage to the patient. We will write a custom essay sample on Radiation Dose In Pediatric Cranial Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, about one tierce of CT encephalons scrutinies in the paediatric group are non pertinent to the diagnosing and direction. These show that it is non the best trial for the kids. Comparing with grownups, kids are more variety meats radiosensitive to radiation ; they will hold longer life clip hazard to confront cancerous alterations induced by radiation. In response to increasing concern for patient radiation protection, we should utilize the right proficient parametric quantities to protect the kids from inordinate and unneeded radiation dosage for these by CT scan. To cut down the radiation dosage, the doctors and radiotherapists should ever conscious to cut down CT scan radiation dosage for kids. Furthermore, we can develop some appropriate schemes to optimise scanning patterns based on the age, clinical indicants and organic structure size of the patients. Undertaking aims and significance ( Max. 1 page: State the intent of the proposed survey, place cardinal issues and jobs being addressed, province possible result in footings of its relevancy, significance and value ) The intent of this survey is to look into the consequence of dose decrease in different parametric quantity used in the Brain CT scan. In the visible radiation of addition the usage of encephalon CT scrutiny, dose decrease while maintain the CT diagnostic value and image quality is a ambitious undertaking. Since a figure of issues are related to CT radiation, they have become more outstanding as usage has increased. The issues concerns about the part of CT to a comparatively big radiation dosage to the populace. Furthermore, kids have more organ radiosensitive than grownups and they have a longer lifetime hazard radiation-induced malignant neoplastic disease. Therefore, we should do accommodation of paediatric CT parametric quantities based on the size or part of involvement to be scanned. On the other manus, the decrease of radiation dosage to cranial CT may depend on many factors such as replacing of CT usage, by utilizing other mode ( MRI or ultrasound ) which have less radiation dosage, lessening in the figure of CT surveies requested. The aim of this survey is to find whether a lower radiation dosage technique could be used for paediatric cranial CT without impacting the diagnostic value and image quality in the scrutiny. Reviewing the literature and compare the approximative equivalent dosage to relevant organ ( mSv ) , I find that the protocol scenes in planing for kids and grownups are about the same. The radiation decrease can be about 50 % reduced by altering some parametric quantities. Therefore, the CT protocol scenes in cranial CT used for grownups should non be used for kids. It is the clip we should alter the attitude and face the job how to cut down the radiation dosage in CT engineering for kids. The CT makers, doctors, radiotherapists and radiographer besides portion the duty to keep an appropriate balance between radiation dosage and diagnostic image quality. Background ( Max. 2 pages: A clear, comprehensive and up-to-date but concise reappraisal of the literature ; sum up and give cardinal mentions on related work, including old and alternate attacks to the jobs ) CT is a various diagnostic process and it can give high diagnostic output. However, CT scanning comprises about 15 % of the radiological scrutiny and represents the largest beginning ( about 70 % ) of radiation dosage to the patient.1, 9 The usage of CT encephalon in kids is increasing in the past two decennaries. Indeed, CT induced radiation dosage is comparatively high compared with other imaging technique. The hazard for paediatric patients to develop long term biological effects following exposure to ionising radiation is higher than that for grownups because their cells, tissues and variety meats have a higher radiosentivity and they have a longer clip to live.2,11 The European Commission ( EC ) states that amp ; acirc ; ˆ?radiation exposure in the first 10 old ages of life is estimated to hold a hazard about 4 times greater than exposure incurred at 30-40 old ages of age for some damaging effects A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢.3 Give the recent attending to radiation hazards, t he radiation dosage of cranial CT in kids and the demand for accommodations in parametric quantities to the populace, we should understand more about existent pattern of cranial CT in paediatric patients. Most CT Centre merely follows the recommended scenes of the makers, but these may non the best appropriate scenes for the patient. For paediatric cranial CT, there is no consensus about the optimal scene in different infirmaries. To understand a patient receives how much of the radiation dosage in a peculiar scan, one must hold cognition of the methods of dose measuring. Radiation dosage is influenced by the radiation quality, the geometry of the scanner, the sensor type and the current transition of the tube.10 Dose increases nonlinearly with an addition in tube electromotive force but will diminish the image noise. Typically, an addition in kVp from 120 to 140kVp will increase the dose by about 47 % . The incursion is improved and an about 70 % higher dosage reaches the sensor. But in some articles, informations suggest that kVp every bit low as 80 kVp can besides supply acceptable image quality in neonates.4 Milliamperes ( ma ) and gantry rotary motion rhythm clip ( in seconds ) are combined to supply a step of radiation normally known as the tubing current ( ma ) . A additive relationship exists between tubing current and the radiation dosage. By cutting down the ma half, the patient exposure can be reduced by 50 % while maintaining the same noise degree and image quality. Cohnen et Al besides studied CT dosage in paediatric cranial CT and concluded that a 40 % decrease was possible.7 Chan et Al performed CT in kids aged 1-12 old ages with several different milliampere 2nd valleies and he found that a 40 % decrease in milliampere seconds could be used in paediatric cranial CT.2,8 Section thickness and table velocity besides affect dosage. The faster table velocity and thicker piece should be selected based on the scan indicant. In general, most paediatric CT scan can be performed at a pitch of 1.5.5,6,12 Adjustment in piece thickness and pitch demand to be balanced against the possible loss in spacial declaration from the increased image noise. Multiple dose descriptions have been used in the past. Presently, the Computed Tomography Dose Index ( CTDI ) , along with its discrepancies, and the Dose Length Product ( DLP ) are the standard parametric quantities used to depict CT associated radiation dosage. Radiation dose CTDI is measured in milligrays as displayed on the CT proctor every bit good as DLP which are calculated by the CT machine automatically. Increase the tube electromotive force from 120kVp to 140kVp additions the CT dosage index ( CTDI ) by a factor of 1.4, but decrease the tubing electromotive force to 80kVp lowers the CTDI by a factor of about 2.2.13 We can measure the paediatric cranial CT protocol and happen the CT radiation dosage that is recommended to be every bit low as moderately accomplishable. Hence, we need to unite different attacks sing to CT dose decrease. In add-on, the refering parties including doctors, radiotherapists and radiographers must take the duty to keep an appropriate balance in scanning parametric quantities, diagnostic image quality and radiation dosage. Long term schemes is desperately set up that include encouraging development and acceptance of paediatric CT protocols, educating working staff through diary publications and conferences within and outside the radiology fortes, carry oning farther research to find the relationship between CT quality and dosage. We besides customize CT scanning for single kids to optimise exposure scenes and to measure the demand for CT in an single patient. Methodology ( soap. 2 pages: including research design, program, stuffs, methods and cardinal mentions ) The survey will be carried out in CT scan room at the Radiology Department of the Princess Margaret Hospital. A entire figure of 100 paediatric patients aged under 15 old ages for encephalon CT scan during January to June 2011 by indiscriminately selected as topics of this survey. Before informations aggregation, the survey will acquire the blessing from the Department Manager Mr. Fung and so explicate to all CT radiographers to acquire their full cooperation in the survey. Furthermore, the process will be explained to each patient and their parents in order to obtain their permission in the survey. The patients will split into two groups, one is control group and the others are study group. Brain CT scan will be done by utilizing paediatric CT scan protocol in the control group. We can measure the radiation dosage by altering the exposure parametric quantities in the survey group. Brain CT scan was done utilizing 64-section CT scanner GE lightspeed VCT machine. Image obtained utilizing a multi-slice axial computed imaging system of 5mm piece thickness without automatic choice of effectual ma. Scaning parametric quantities that affect radiation dosage include peak kilovoltage, tubing current, pitch etc. Therefore, the survey group will be divided into 3 parts. The first portion is to compare the different kVp ( 80kVp, 100kVp and 120kVp ) to the image quality while other puting kept at a changeless scene. The 2nd portion is to compare the different tubing current ( 100mAs and 120 ma ) and the 3rd portion is to compare the different pitch ( 1 and 1.5 ) . All CTDI and Dose-Length P roduct will be recorded after the scrutiny. I will ask for two radiotherapists Dr. Yung and Dr. Lam to reexamine the movies in a double-blinded mode by utilizing 6 inquiries assessment strategy. Question 1-5 are refering about radiation dosage and image quality for visualising defined anatomical constructions. The anatomical construction chosen for reappraisal included: ( Q1 ) border of the sidelong ventricles, ( Q2 ) the basilar arteria in the prepontine cistern, ( Q3 ) internal capsules, ( Q4 ) ambient cistern, ( Q5 ) gray-white distinction at the degree of 4th ventricles. The inquiry 6 will inquire the radiotherapists grade of assurance in doing a diagnosing. A 5-point marking system will be used for rating. Indicate 5 means the anatomical construction can clearly be visualized and the assurance degree in making a diagnosing are about 90 % or above. Indicate 4 agencies visual image and assurance are about 70 % . Point 3,4 and 5 are about 50 % , 30 % and less than 10 % severally. Consistency of marking will be assessed by giving 40 scans to the two radiotherapists. The average tonss given to these 6 inquiries during the first and 2nd reading will be compared. Statistical analysis will set about utilizing assurance interval ( CI ) and hypothesis testing, as expressed by P values. The assurance interval can demo the deficiency of preciseness in the estimation of involvement and therefore conveyed more utile information than the P value which are merely a quantitative value. For each reader, 95 % CI and a two sample t-test will execute to compare the average value of the tonss for each inquiry between the two groups. For inquiry 6, this assessed the radiotherapists A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢ assurance degree, farther distribution of tonss between the two groups. Dependability trials to measure intra-reader understanding in hiting the movies were besides carried out by utilizing 95 % CI and paired t-test. Analysis was facilitated by the usage of commercially available computing machine statistics plan SPSS ver.1.7. How to cite Radiation Dose In Pediatric Cranial Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Film Studies Hollywood and European Cinema

Question: Discuss about theFilm Studiesfor Hollywood and European Cinema. Answer: Introduction The classical film Noir epoch is regarded as the golden era that witnessed cultural efflorescence. In Hollywood, the era spanned from 1940s to the late 1950s. The Film Noir has a significant influence on the film history. It fused the styles of both Hollywood and European Cinema. At the same time, the film Noir had a glimmering beginning that lasted until the aftermath of the World War-II. The characteristic styles of Film Noir involve the representation of black and white picture with a nuanced hue. The root of the film can be traced back to the period of German Expressionism movement. The phase of German Expressionism started before the start of the World War-I. After the Great War, Germany was ostensibly cut off from the remainder of the world. After the end of the War, Germany became a secluded haven and the international films were not much in vogue (Barsam Monahan, 2015). Therefore, there had been an escalating demand for domestic films. The Great War had exacerbated the econo mic and cultural crises of Germany. In the early 1920s, the phase of German Expressionism reached the pinnacle of success and glory. At the same time, the entire film industry had a cognizance of the German Expressionism movement (Berger, 2016). German Expressionism: Evolution of Noir styles In the domain of cinematography, German Expressionism emanated from the larger segment of Expressionist movement in the first decade of the 20th century (Bould, 2012). The wider Expressionism movement started in the early half of the 20th century. The movement was rampant in the regions of Germany and Austria. The Expressionist movement is noted for the phase of renaissance in the field of graphic arts and literature (Horak, 2015). The term renaissance means re-born or regeneration of graphic arts in the field of cinematography. The Expressionist movement is remarkable for the formation of creativity and literary activities. In Germany, the artists underscored the growth of the craft, centering graphic art. At the same time, Germany witnessed the emergence of printing revolution. In the city of Mainz, Germany, the printing revolution made its headway. The historians believed that the expressionists identified a chord of discontentment within the existing system and influenced the rev olutionary change. The Expressionists deployed the visual art form to spawn an insight into the emotional and psychological facets of the creativity and deconstructionist art (Jacobs Colpaert, 2013). In Germany, the city of Mainz is the principal hub for printing revolution. Subsequently, the Expressionist Movement transcended the phase of printed material and moved into theatre and literature. The Expressionist Movement profoundly influenced the era of cinematography. The Deformed images and irregularities supplemented the art of German film. At the same time, it created an emotional liaison between the films and the German audience. It is believed that Nosferatu (1922) was the first film that had the influence of Expressionism. The film was an adaptation of the novel Dracula (1897) by Bram Stoker. The facet of horror enthralled the conceptualization of the expressionist films. The director F.W Murnau and screenplay writer Henrik Galeen successfully implemented the craft of the Expressionist films. The Nosferatu was the phenomenal creation of the Expressionist directors (Jancovich, 2012). The Noir style focused more on the darker plots and climatic transitions than the lighter h ue. The varied plots comprised nuanced lightening effect. The most sensational shot of Nosferatu was that it played wildly with the shadow of Vampire. Max Schreck played the role of Vampire. He paced up and down the staircase. The role has a darker hue and spawns a feeling of fear and angst. The darkness stood for the making of evil characters (Lacey, 2016). The scholars believe that the Expressionist movement withered away after the end of the Great War. The vestige of Expressionist movement is felt in other parts of the world. The movement faced crises due to the growing tensions of the World War-I. The Nazi party began to ostracize the forces of Expressionism from the land of Germany. The Expressionist artists feared the emergence of the Nazi party and they began to drift their base to other parts of the world. The emergence of Hollywood is another important factor in the film history. The Hollywood of the United States began to absorb the traits of Expressionism and the remaining of the Expressionist artists began to relocate. The German Expressionism assumed a new character in the United States and in the parts of the Hollywood. The Hollywood films were deeply influenced by the trend of Expressionism. In the United States, the Noir films had its genesis (Leonard, S., Tasker, 2014). Influence of Expressionist Movement on filmmaking (Analysis of the films of Fritz Lang) The influence of German Expressionism is entrenched in the Hollywood film industry. Many expressionist artists shifted their base to the parts of the United States of America. Fritz Lang is the most important film personality, who brought the trait of expressionism into live. He had achieved many feats in Germany and in the parts of Central Europe. German Expressionist artists taught him many new techniques. Such revised concepts helped Fritz Lang comprehend the new art. The most famous films, produced by Lang during the tensile time in Germany entailed Metropolis(1927). The most talked about plot that exhibited the traces of Noir style is the film Metropolis. A crime thriller movie showed blood bath and the representation of a child murderer. Metropolis is a film that delineated the emergence of a child murderer called Hans Beckett (Peter Lorre). At the same time, the police forces and the criminal underworld sought the man everywhere. The film encompassed crime scenes that showed t he villain characters in the positive shade. The best thing about the noir films is exhibiting the pioneering characters in the positive light. The Expressionist movement is noted for the phase of renaissance in the field of graphic arts and literature. The term renaissance means re-born or regeneration of graphic arts in the field of cinematography. The Expressionist movement is remarkable for the formation of creativity and literary activities. In Germany, the artists underscored the growth of the craft, centering graphic art. At the same time, Germany witnessed the emergence of printing revolution. The most phenomenal film that defined the Noir movement is Citizen Kane (1941), directed by Orson Welles. The film did not liken the noir genre properly. However, the film made the base of the genre strong and effective. The German filmmakers made the film and it was justified by its visual approach. The variegated plots and cinematic transitions defined the film. The film beautifully revealed the life of Charles Foster Kane and derived the technicalities of the filmmaking. The film had set the paradigm of noir style. In the domain of cinematography, German Expressionism emanated from the larger segment of Expressionist movement in the first decade of the 20th century. The wider Expressionism movement started in the early half of the 20th century. The movement was rampant in the regions of Germany and Austria. The Expressionist movement is noted for the phase of renaissance in the field of graphic arts and literature. The term renaissance means re-born or regeneration of graphic arts in the field of cinematography. The Expressionist movement is remarkable for the formation of creativity and literary activities. In Germany, the artists underscored the growth of the craft, centering graphic art. At the same time, Germany witnessed the emergence of printing revolution. In the city of Mainz, Germany, the printing revolution made its headway. The historians believed that the expressionists identified a chord of discontentment within the existing system and influenced the revolutionary change. The Expressionists deployed the visual art form to spawn an insight into the emotional and psychological facets of the creativity and deconstructionist art German Expressionism is usually characterized by a discerning, profoundly decorated, artificially aesthetic that culminated in the formation of surrealism. It had a broad purview of imagery that delivered characteristic elements such as confusion and madness. The film Metropolis was shot on a wholly designed set that entailed both abstract and asymmetrical dimensions. Therefore, Fritz Lang deployed a electrified and psychological space that resulted in a infernal version of distortion and ruckus. The style and features of German Expressionist films have unceasingly influenced the films of the later centuries. The styles have influenced the making of dark films such as Insomnia and many more. The directors such as Christopher Nolan implemented the strategies of German Expressionism in his phenomenal films. The activities used by Fritz Lang in his movies had inspired many actors to counterfeit the style. Figuratively, many directors of this generation have utilized the trend of the Ger man Expressionism and it is apparent in a series of films. The genres have conflicting dimensions. It had witnessed the emergence of many trends and tendencies (Tasker, 2013). Noir Style Noir style is discerned as low-key element that restricted the usage of heavy lights and color. The style spawned a divergence between the narrow areas. The plots required relatively lesser fill lights and generated colossal areas of darkness. Initially, the directors placed key lights on the main actors and created a gaudy and lurid facial expression out of them. The directors loved to play with the vibrancy of the characters and plot analysis. At the same time, the faces exhibited quirky highlights to explore dementia. At the initial stage, the directors would experiment with the visage of the lead actors and tried to exaggerate the beauty in the big screens. Conversely, the noir style manifested a darker hue, without displaying the glamorized angle. In the Noir theme, the film heroes were photographed in hard and undiffused light. Consequently, the lead actors of the films exhibited a glamorous shade and assumed an alluring form. It might have been a style that aided should make n oirs distorted, ethically vague. The films were shown in a different disposition that countered the le monde films. Mirror images and various sorts of reflections were in vogue that entailed deceptive characters and neurotic narcissism (Robbins, 2014). Customary Building shots were withdrawn and the viewers got an engrossing taste of a new frame. Contrary to the traditional movements, the directors would experiment with the visage of the lead actors and tried to exaggerate the beauty in the big screens. Conversely, the noir style manifested a darker hue, without displaying the glamorized angle. In the Noir theme, the film heroes were photographed in hard and undiffused light. Consequently, the lead actors of the films exhibited a glamorous shade and assumed an alluring form (Vaughan, 2014). It might have been a style that aided should make noirs distorted, ethically vague. The films were shown in a different disposition that countered the le monde films. Mirror images and various sorts of reflections were in vogue that entailed deceptive characters and neurotic narcissism (Vaidya, 2016). Depiction of Law Authority and Crime The 1940s and 1950s saw the glimmering beginning of the Classical period of American film noir. At the other end of the spectrum, the films such as Fury (1936) and You Only Live Once (1937), directed by Fritz Lang exhibited the trace of pre-WWII crime melodrama. The films of Fritz Lang are categorized as complete noir style in varied films. The films, conceptualized by Fritz Lang are described as proto-noir by various sources. Themost commonly recognized noir film version is Stranger on the Third Floor (1940). The Latvian-born, Soviet-reared Boris Ingster directed the film (Schneider, 2016). The remarkable films of the classical period (noir genre) were distinctively low-budgeted and modest quality movies. Such films had no premier artists and spawned no enthusiasm. The films were curated in such a way that created sensation. The scholars believe that the Expressionist movement withered away after the end of the Great War. The vestige of Expressionist movement is felt in other parts of the world. The movement faced crises due to the growing tensions of the World War-I (Skoble, 2015). The Nazi party began to ostracize the forces of Expressionism from the land of Germany. The Expressionist artists feared the emergence of the Nazi party and they began to drift their base to other parts of the world. The emergence of Hollywood is another important factor in the film history. The Hollywood of the United States began to absorb the traits of Expressionism and the remaining of the Expressionist artists began to relocate (Spicer Hanson, 2013). The German Expressionism assumed a new character in the United States and in the parts of the Hollywood. The Hollywood films were deeply influenced by the trend of Expressionism. In the United States, the Noir films had its genesis. In the domain of cinematography, German Expressionism emanated from the larger segment of Expressionist movement in the first decade of the 20th century. The wider Expressionism movement started in the early half of the 20th century. The movement was rampant in the regions of Germany and Austria. The Expressionist movement is noted for the phase of renaissance in the field of graphic arts and literature (Pettey Palmer 2014)The term renaissance means re-born or regeneration of graphic arts in the field of cinematography. The Expressionist movement is remarkable for the formation of creativity and literary activities. In Germany, the artists underscored the growth of the craft, centering graphic art. At the same time, Germany witnessed the emergence of pri nting revolution. In the city of Mainz, Germany, the printing revolution made its headway. The historians believed that the expressionists identified a chord of discontentment within the existing system and influenced the revolutionary change. The Expressionists deployed the visual art form to spawn an insight into the emotional and psychological facets of the creativity and deconstructionist art (Nielsen, 2014). The most phenomenal film that defined the Noir movement is Citizen Kane (1941), directed by Orson Welles. The film did not liken the noir genre properly. However, the film made the base of the genre strong and effective. The German filmmakers made the film and it was justified by its visual approach. The variegated plots and cinematic transitions defined the film. The film beautifully revealed the life of Charles Foster Kane and derived the technicalities of the filmmaking. The film had set the paradigm of noir style (Murray, 2015). Conclusion German Expressionism is usually characterized by a discerning, profoundly decorated, artificially aesthetic that culminated in the formation of surrealism. It had a broad purview of imagery that delivered characteristic elements such as confusion and madness. The film Metropolis was shot on a wholly designed set that entailed both abstract and asymmetrical dimensions. Therefore, Fritz Lang deployed a electrified and psychological space that resulted in a infernal version of distortion and ruckus. The style and features of German Expressionist films have unceasingly influenced the films of the later centuries. The styles have influenced the making of dark films such as Insomnia and many more. The directors such as Christopher Nolan implemented the strategies of German Expressionism in his phenomenal films. The activities used by Fritz Lang in his movies had inspired many actors to counterfeit the style. Figuratively, many directors of this generation have utilized the trend of the Ger man Expressionism and it is apparent in a series of films. The genres have conflicting dimensions. It had witnessed the emergence of many trends and tendencies (Maland, 2016). Reference Barsam, R., Monahan, D. (2015).Looking at movies. WW Norton Company. Berger, D. (2016). Illuminated Darkness: Exiles and migrs in the Golden Age of Hollywood.Jewish Culture and History, 1-13. Bould, M. (2012).Film Noir: From Berlin to Sin City(Vol. 27). Columbia University Press. Horak, J. C. (2015). Gemunden, Gerd. Continental Strangers. German Exile Cinema, 1933-1951.The German Quarterly,88(2), 248-250. Jacobs, S., Colpaert, L. (2013). Framing Death and Desire: Painted Portraits in Film Noir.CineAction, (91), 27. Jancovich, M. (2012). A former director of German horror films: Horror, European cinema and the critical reception of Robert Siodmaks hollywood career.European Nightmares, London: Wallflower, 185-93. Lacey, N. (2016).Introduction to film. Palgrave Macmillan. Leonard, S., Tasker, Y. (2014).Fifty Hollywood Directors. Routledge. Maland, C. (2016). Review: The Many Lives of Cy Endfield: Film Noir, the Blacklist, and Zulu by Brian Neve. Murray, R. (2015). FILM 3759-001: History of Cinema. Nielsen, J. I. (2014). Classic (al) Lang.A Companion to Fritz Lang, 430-457. Pettey, H. B., Palmer, R. B. (Eds.). (2014).Film Noir. Edinburgh University Press. Robbins, B. (2014). Inscrutable Images nd Cultural Migrations: Wartime Noir and the Compson Appendix.The Faulkner Journal,28(1), 55. Schneider, C. (2016). Run Like The Devil: Desire, Murder, and Oedipal Anxiety in Fritz Lang's Woman in the Window. Skoble, A. J. (2015). Fatalism in American Film Noir: Some Cinematic Philosophy by Robert B. Pippin (review).Film History: An Interdisciplinary Journal,45(2), 47-48. Spicer, A., Hanson, H. (2013).A Companion to Film Noir. John Wiley Sons. Spicer, A., Hanson, H. (2013).A Companion to Film Noir. John Wiley Sons. Tasker, Y. (2013). Women in Film Noir.A Companion to Film Noir, 353-368. Vaidya, J. (2016). mLearning Apps for Specialized Curriculum: A Case Study on Film Noir. InHandbook of Research on Mobile Learning in Contemporary Classrooms(pp. 299-314). IGI Global. Vaughan, H. (2014). Critical theory and film: rethinking ideology through film noir.New Review of Film and Television Studies,12(1), 73-76.

Samakmak Implementation Plan

Who we are: Samakmak is an Australian-based seafood wholesaler selling its products to customers both nationally and internationally.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Samakmak Implementation Plan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More What we do: We provide quality and affordable seafood products to our domestic and international customers. Where we operate: We are based in Perth, Australia and our operations are both national and international. The current target market is fine restaurant and 5 stars hotels in Dubai with high customer base. The seven steps of e-marketing plan Situation Analysis SWOT analysis Strengths Adequate capital base to establish operations in Dubai. Availability of highly trained and skilled workforce. Past experience in international markets which give an added advantage. Presence of well coordinated global supply chain and supply chain management. Well planned internationalization and glo bal strategy. High national and international market presence in different regions. Weaknesses High dependence on seafood products which are perishable products. Undefined market segment. only targets high restaurants and five stars hotels Limited market share Lack of organized e-marketing channels in the targeted market. Seafood lacks branding (Anderson, Knapp, Jones, van Soeren Salmon 2003, p.5) Opportunities new markets in Dubai There is an increased demand for seafood. Dubai is a tourist destination which offers a ready market for seafood products. The high purchasing power and economic growth of Dubai offers the chance to sell the products. Threats Competition and rivalry from existing seafood wholesaler providers in Dubai. Legal regulations of business operations in Dubai which are different from Australia’s. Threat of seasonality in seafood production. Seafood products are perishable and unforeseen effects on the supply chain could lead to losses or restitu tion. Cultural shock and language barrier. E marketing strategic planning The target market is the fine restaurant and 5 star hotels in Dubai. The segment has chain of hotels which are used by tourists since Dubai has become a tourist destination. The presence of exotic and luxurious hotels and restaurants in Dubai is an attraction factor that we have considered. Dubai is located in an arid region and far from the sea which implies that seafood is not common. Therefore, through the use of state-art-technology it will possible to supply seafood products in the targeted segment and achieve the anticipated market share. Competitive pricing and penetrative pricing will be used to position our products in the market. Best quality seafood products offered at low and affordable prices will differentiate our products from the others. In addition, both fresh and frozen fish and seafood products will be available in the market. This will offer a competitive advantage over our competitors . Objectives Marketing objectives of Samakmak are:Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To gain 5% of the Dubai market share in 12 months. To achieve 80% of product awareness in the target market. To achieve 15% in product sales in the next six months. To be a market leader in supply of seafood through e-marketing in Dubai. E marketing strategy This section looks at the 7ps of marketing which are pricing, product, promotions, placement, people, process, and physical evidence (Chartered Institute of Marketing 2009; Tracy 2004; Houghton 2007, p.61). Figure 1: 7 Ps of marketing Source: Bhasin (2011) Pricing Price is different from the other elements as it determines whether the products will be purchased or not. The prices of the products will be affordable, since high prices will have negative effect on the sales which will in return affect the customer loyalty and revenues. Th erefore, the chosen prices will not be high or lower than competitors in the market, but will be considerate to be equal to the perceived value of seafood products. We attribute to gain profits as the consumers get value for their money at the same time. Samakmak pricing strategy To enter the new market, penetration pricing strategy will be adopted by Samakmak. Penetration pricing involves the use of lower prices with the expectation that quantity demanded will increase (Gitman McDaniel 2009, p.309; Kurtz Boone 2012, p.661). We anticipate high demand for seafood because demand is always price sensitive (Schotter 2009, p.99), and as a result, either the existing buyers will have to buy more Samakmak products or new buyers will be attracted by the penetration prices which are considerably affordable. The pricing strategy has been selected based on the company’s SWOT analysis and the marketing objectives.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Samakmak Impleme ntation Plan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The rationale behind the penetration strategy is that high quality seafood and relatively low or affordable prices than the competitors will ultimately increase demand, market share, and customer satisfaction (Gitman McDaniel 2009, p.309). As a result, market share will be increased and sales volumes will also be increased at a lower cost per unit. However, the distribution channels will have to meet the increase in demand for the Samakmak seafood. Objective of pricing Pricing will determine the extent to which Samakmak will earn and the market share it will gain in the next 12 months. Revenue generated will help in propelling the company to the next level. Demand is price sensitive hence the pricing strategy will fulfil the market objectives. Place Samakmak products will be made available through e-marketing. The implication made is that the products will be purchased through the interne t and made available to the targeted customers or market share. Therefore, the initial step is to design and develop a dependable and fast website that will be used for online transactions. The website will have links which will connect the consumers with the available seafood products and the wholesale prices. In addition the 4ps of the marketing mix will be available on the website site. With the increase in cyberspace crime, a secure and trusted purchase and payment method will be designed. The functionality and the dependability of the method will be tested in the first week upon launch to get rid of any loopholes. Samakmak plans to work with Cisco Systems Inc which will help in developing and managing the online system on behalf of the company. This will minimize costs resulting from cybercrime and related online faults or failures. The Samakmak website will be used as communications channels, direct sales channel, and a distribution channel. Given that e-marketing strategy cen tre of attraction is website of the company (Rampur 2011), the website will have interfaces connecting to social media networks such as a Facebook and twitter. The website will be of proper format, design, attractive, and impressive to the targeted consumers. Seafood products are highly perishable products which require well organized supply chain and storage facilities. A storage facility with the latest preservation and refrigeration components will be acquired and placed strategically in Dubai. The warehouse will be used to store seafood products before they are made available to the restaurants and five star hotels. Another alternative is to have the seafood products made available direct to the consumers upon purchase in a period f less than 48 hours. Deliverance of fresh seafood products will give the company an added advantage thus gaining a competitive advantage. The distribution channel will have the products delivered at the premises of our consumers.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More People One of the major ingredients of service and product provision is the employment of highly trained and appropriate people and staff (Bhasin 2011). Samakmak has highly trained staff who have been in the business for a long period. However, since the venture will be in a country which have different cultural beliefs and values as well as language, Dubai nationals will be recruited and trained appropriately. This will reduce issues associated with language barrier and cultural shock in the new market. In addition, blending the workforce will ensure workforce diversity which acts as a competitive advantage to any organization. Consumers usually make judgements and offer their perception of the products offered and services based on the workforce they interact with (Bhasin 2011). Therefore, Samakmak employees will have appropriate interpersonal and communication skills, service knowledge, and aptitude to ensure that the target market gets value for its money. Well trained technical workforce will be put into place to address any arising issues associated with customer care. It will be responsible for answering urgent phone calls, replying emails, and updating the websites. Sales representatives will be trained and deployed to the target market. This will be used to enable face to face communication with the consumers before officially going online. In addition, the team in ground will offer personal contact with the target consumers and get to answer any inquiries made. A subsidiary office will also be located in Dubai which will coordinate the Samakmak with consumers and the activities undergoing in the warehouses. Physical evidence The objective of the physical experience of Samakmak is to create unforgettable experience on the consumers. This will be achieved through tangible commodities which include variety of products in the market. Others include brochures, bookmarks, webpage, and staff that will help the target customers. Social networking, e-space, a nd articles will offer intangible commodity which will improve the perception and the experience of the consumers. This will aid in attracting more customers as well as attracting the already available ones in the market. The website will offer positive experience and perception of the consumers thus spreading the ultimate brand message. The website is tailored in a way that ensures convenience and reliability among the consumers. The daily update of our website and blogs will ensure that are physical evidence is realised as we keep in touch with the consumers. All the physical evidence will be aligned with the consumers’ expectations as well as the company’s marketing objectives. Promotion Product awareness will carried through different promotion methods such as advertising, sales promotion, personal selling, and use of search engine marketing. To attract consumers to the website, SEO (search engine optimization) will be used (Roy 2010). This will attract internet tr affic to the website hence high customer turnover (Rampur 2011). Online advertising will also be applied where products provided by Samakmak will be placed on the company’s website, blog or the social media networks. Email marketing strategy will include sending of emails to the target consumers on the information of the products being offered as well as their respective prices (Kurtz Boone 2012, p.283). In addition, it will aid develop good customer relations between the organization and the consumers. Online newsletters will be used to pass information on the products and their prices which will be available in the company website and blogs (Rampur 2011). Through the use of bloggers and journalists, we will be able to reach the anticipated market share in the set time frame (Rampur 2011). Advertisement will be carried on via website, TV, radio, and print media (Dunn1995, p.1) Sales promotions will be offered to the five star hotels and the restaurants. In addition, push st rategy will be employed to ensure the products are delivered to the target customers as soon as possible. Process We value our customers, and as a result, processes will be put into place to ensure that our services and products are made available to the target customer base (Bhasin 2011). The website will be designed in such a manner that the consumers get a positive impression of our presence. Instant access and easy direction upon login will move the customers around and view the different seafood products offered. Accessibility, dependability, and reliability are the key drivers of our e-marketing plan. We believe in customer satisfaction which is achieved through delivery of quality products in the agreed or set timeframe. We thrive in our quick product delivery because we are confident in our processes. On top of this, the anticipated demand will prompt Samakmak deliver high quality seafood products. Seafood products are highly perishable products, therefore we will have to de liver optimally without any loss in quality. The website will be used as a communication strategy to get in touch with our customers. This will ensure immediate response to any inquiry or issue. In addition, customer care agents in the ground will aid in sorting any anticipated or experienced problem. Interfaces provided through the use of social networks such as a Facebook or twitter will allow immediate communication with the customers (Kurtz Boone 2012, p.283). Skype will be used to teleconferencing between the consumer and the supplier. The supply chain adopted by Samakmak will use the latest technology to track the goods being transported. This will ensure that any logistical problem is solved in advance and delivery of the products made in the set time frame. Product Samakmak is a wholesaler of seafood products. Therefore, variety of seafood products will be provided to the five star hotel and restaurant. Seafood products come in different varieties which are got from the sea . The seafood products provided by Samakmak will include major Australian seafood such as fish, molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms (Brown Connell 2001, p.6) Seafood type Varieties Fish Catfish, mackerel, tuna, haddock, cod, eel, and sardine among others Molluscs Octopus, shellfish, starfish, Crustaceans Shrimp, Crabs, Lobster, oysters, clams, mussels Echinoderms Sea urchins, Sea cucumber We will deliver fresh seafood products and fresh fish to the target market upon request. The product will be of high quality and well preserved using state-of-art freezers and refrigerators. The products will be certified by both the Australia’s and Dubai’s food and drugs regulatory bodies. This will authenticate and articulate that the products are good for human consumption. Daily delivery of the products will be put into place to ensure that fresh products are delivered as soon as possible. In the case of frozen seafood products, we will use its state of art freez er to transport and preserve the seafood products. This will ensure that the products delivered are consumable as they reach the restaurants and the five star hotels. Since the products are of best quality, competitive prices will be used in selling the seafood products in the new targeted market. Implementation plan The implementation plan will be carried in a period of 12 months and is contained in the chart below Gnat Chart Activity May Jun Jul Aug Sep Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Website design and launch Product launch warehousing promotional activities TV Advertising Blogs, website adverts News paper advertising Sales promotion Email marketing strategy Market evaluation Control measures and performances Final market analysis and evaluations Warehousing, email marketing, and use of blogs, and website adver ts will be carried for the whole period of 12 months. Evaluations will be carried after every three months and control measures taken after each evaluation exercise. Budget Samakmak plans to use AED 100 million to get the whole plan rolled out for the next 12 months. The cost involves all activities in the implementation plan but in a condensed form. Budget Activity Budget (million (AED ) Webhosting 0.5 Promotion (Adverts, sales promotion, internet, SEO, email marketing, and the rest) 20 Warehousing and logistics 47 Market evaluation 7.5 Licensing and insurance 10 Staff 10 Miscellaneous 5 Total cost 100 Evaluation Plan Evaluation will be carried after every three months for a period of one year to determine the effectiveness of our marketing objectives. In addition evaluation will be carried to determine whether any control measures will be required on the marketing plan. Sales analysis will be carried on the months of August 2012, January 2013 and May 2 013 to determine the volume of the anticipated and the actual sales. Market share analysis will be carried in the same time to determine the performance of the company against market forces such as competitors and emerging entrants in the market (Vaknin, n.d). To determine the direction of the company, sales within the segment targeted will be compared with the expected market share and sales volume. Expense-to-sales analysis will be applied to determine costs and benefits resulting from branding and brand awareness (Vaknin, n.d). Customer satisfaction analysis will involve the use of focus groups to determine the levels of customer perception, attitude, satisfaction, and customer opinion towards the seafood products by the target customers. Finally, financial analysis will be carried to determine the revenues generated from the sales of the seafood products after a period of three months. Through marketing audit, it will be possible to determine the compatibility of Samakmak streng ths with the market trends, customer preferences, demands, and needs (Trivedi 2010, p.49).To evaluate the way the marketing strategy of the 7ps is doing; efficiency control will be applied to see if the objectives align with the current performance of the strategy (Vaknin, n.d). Reference List Anderson , J, Knapp, G, Jones, G, Van Soeren, E., Salmon, R 2003,British Columbia seafood sector and tidal water recreational fishing: A strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats assessment, Seafood Marketing Survey, pp.1-11 Bhasin, H 2011, Service marketing mix, http://www.marketing91.com/service-marketing-mix/. Brown, D, Connell, P 2001, Market demand for Australian aqua-culture products,  Innovation in Economic Research, http://adl.brs.gov.au/data/warehouse/pe_abarebrs99000578/PC11768.pdf Chartered Institute of Marketing 2009, Marketing and the 7Ps: A brief summary of  marketing and how it works, http://www.cim.co.uk/filestore/resources/10minguides/7ps.pdf Dunn, D 1995, Adve rtising and promotion, http://ag.arizona.edu/arec/pubs/dmkt/AdvertisingPromo.pdf. Gitman, L J McDaniel, C D, 2009, The future of business: the essentials, South Western Cengage Learning, Mason, Ohio. Houghton, G 2007, Marketing mix, http://chesterrep.openrepository.com/cdr/bitstream/10034/91037/7/chapter%206.pdf . Kurtz, D L, Boone, L E 2012, Contemporary marketing, South-Western Cengage Learning, Mason, Ohio. Pride, W M Ferrell, O C 2012, Marketing, South-Western Cengage Learning, Mason, Ohio. Rampur, S 2011, E-Marketing Strategy, http://www.buzzle.com/articles/e-marketing-strategy.html Roy, L 2010, Web marketing: Advantages of SEO, http://ezinearticles.com/?Web-Marketing—Advantages-of-SEOid=5155814 Schotter, A 2009, Microeconomics: a modern approach. South-Western Cengage Learning, Mason, Ohio. Tracy, B 2004, The 7Ps of marketing, Entrepreneur, http://www.entrepreneur.com/article/70824. Trivedi S M 2010, Financial performance analysis conceptual framework, http://s hodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/705/11/12_chapter3.pdf Vaknin, S n.d, Nation Branding and Place Marketing, http://samvak.tripod.com/nationbranding7.html. This report on Samakmak Implementation Plan was written and submitted by user Brylee Franklin to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Cetacean Characteristics and Facts

Cetacean Characteristics and Facts The word cetacean is used to describe all whales, dolphins and porpoises in the order Cetacea. This word comes from the Latin cetus meaning a large sea animal, and the Greek word ketos, meaning sea monster. There are about 89 species of cetaceans. The term about is used because as scientists learn more about these fascinating animals, new species are discovered or populations are re-classified. Cetaceans range in size from the tiniest dolphin, Hectors dolphin, which is just over 39 inches long, to the largest whale, the blue whale, which can be over 100 feet long. Cetaceans live in all of the oceans and many of the major rivers of the world. Cetaceans are thought to have evolved from even-toed ungulates (a group that includes cows, camels, and deer). Types of Cetaceans There are many types of cetaceans, which are divided largely according to how they feed. The order Cetacea is divided into two sub-orders, the Mysticetes (baleen whales) and the Odontocetes (toothed whales). The Odontocetes are more numerous, comprising 72 different species, compared to 14 baleen whale species. The Mysticetes include species such as the blue whale, fin whale, right whale, and humpback whale. Mysticetes have hundreds of comb-like plates of baleen hanging from their upper jaw. Baleen whales feed by gulping large amounts of water containing hundreds or thousands of fish or plankton, then forcing the water out in between the baleen plates, leaving the prey inside to be swallowed whole. Odontocetes include the sperm whale, orca (killer whale), beluga  and all of the dolphins and porpoises. These animals have cone-shaped or spade-shaped teeth and usually capture one animal at a time and swallow it whole. Odontocetes feed mostly on fish and squid, although some orcas prey on other marine mammals. Cetacean Characteristics Cetaceans are mammals, which means they are endothermic (commonly called warm-blooded) and their internal body temperature is about the same as a humans. They give birth to live young and breathe air through lungs just like we do. They even have hair. Unlike fish, which swim by moving their heads from side-to-side to swing their tail, cetaceans propel themselves by moving their tail in a smooth, up-and-down motion. Some cetaceans, such as the Dalls porpoise and the orca (killer whale) can swim faster than 30 miles per hour. Breathing When a cetacean wants to breathe, it has to rise to the water surface and exhale and inhale out of the blowholes located on top of its head. When the cetacean comes to the surface and exhales, you can sometimes see the spout, or blow, which is the result of the warm air in the whales lungs condensing upon reaching the cool air outside. Insulation Whales do not have a coat of fur to keep warm, so they have a thick layer of fat and connective tissue called blubber underneath their skin. This blubber layer can be as much as 24 inches thick in some whales. Senses Whales have a poor sense of smell, and depending on where they are, they may not be able to see well underwater. However, they have excellent hearing. They do not have external ears but have tiny ear openings behind each eye. They can also tell the direction of sound underwater. Diving Whales have collapsible rib cages and flexible skeletons, which allows them to compensate for high water pressure when they dive. They can also tolerate higher levels of carbon dioxide in their blood, allowing them to stay underwater for up to 1 to 2 hours for large whales.

My Educational Philosophy Statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

My Educational Philosophy Statement - Essay Example In this essay, I would like to narrate my educational philosophy, which enabled me to develop my teaching career and explore myself to become the achiever of my long term cherished goal. Since my childhood I have been longing for becoming a good teacher not only for students but for the community as well. The phrase 'good teacher' can be interpreted in many perspectives depending upon the philosophy one follows. Personally, I believe that teacher has a prominent role to play in the lives of his students as he is one of the closest companions who knows students' pulses more than any other. As Beth Lewis remarks in a journal article that "I believe that a teacher is morally obligated to enter the classroom with only the highest of expectations for each and every one of her students. Thus, the teacher maximizes the positive benefits that naturally come along with any self-fulfilling prophecy; with dedication, perseverance, and hard work, her students will rise to the occasion" (Lewis Be th, n.d.). To become an endless source of inspiration to students, Beth points out that the teacher should be one who views- "I aim to bring an open mind, a positive attitude, and high expectations to the classroom each day. I believe that I owe it to my students, as well as the community, to bring consistency, diligence, and warmth to my job in the hope that I can ultimately inspire and encourage such traits in the children as well (Lewis Beth, n.d.). Attributes of a Teacher Every teacher should have certain qualities which make them different from others. A teacher should always focus on the benefits of society as a whole. He/she must work for the common good rather than his/her individual interest. In fact, a teacher must be a role model for the whole populace in his/her region. Like any other area, success lies in attitude and approach. The successful teachers are everywhere alike. As Melissa Kelly pointed out, successful teachers share some common characteristics (Kelly, n.d.). I also believe that the following attributes are unavoidable for a teacher in his career. Sense of Humor The sense of humor helps to relieve you from tension and make the students happy. A class room with rigorous protocols is no longer produce students' creative skills. They might score good marks in the examination, but their creativity will not be satisfactory. They might be poor in soft skills such as negotiation skill. Furthermore, it allows a teacher to experience the joy of life as a teacher and forget the bitter experiences in his/her life and career. Positive Attitude As I mentioned earlier, a teacher is a role model for students. Students always prefer to catch the qualities of their teacher. One with a positive attitude never fails in life is well known to all. In the teaching profession one may come across many hurdles, but they cane be overcome successfully with positive attitude and enthusiasm. The positive attitude of a teacher is inculcated in his/her students through his/her classes and interactions. High Expectations One of the key factors for success is high expectations. If a teacher has high expectations on his/her students, the students will also try to achieve great things in life. But, that does not mean that a teacher should always be after high unrealistic expectations. Consistency A positive learning environment is characterized by consistency of a teacher and his approach. The consistency in

In William Faulkner's A Rose for Emily analyze the personality and Research Paper

In William Faulkner's A Rose for Emily analyze the personality and behavior of Miss Emily - Research Paper Example On the other hand, she becomes an object to be scrutinized by people in her town, and this turns her into a mysteriously mute figure. There are other situations where Emily portrays qualities of stereotypical southern â€Å"eccentric† that are unstable and exceptionally tragic, thereby leading to bizarre behaviors (Qun, 66). Emily is also described as a person who enforces her own sense of law and conduct; for instance, she refused to pay taxes, which was illustrated, when she was purchasing the poison. Besides, this is also demonstrated by her behaviors such as skirting the law through refusal to have numbers attached to her house when federal mail service is instituted. Nonetheless, her effort to dismiss the law began to take more sinister consequences, thereby resulting killing her husband. This paper will focus on analyzing the character of Emily as portrayed in â€Å"A Rose for Emily" by William Faulkner. In this case, this analysis will begin with general analysis of he r character, which will be followed by an analysis in three perspectives, which include; Emily as a daughter and woman, as an artist and her legacy. Emily is presented to be a monument, which is pitied, irritating, and focusing on living her own life in her ways and terms. People in her township gossips her after accepting to be married to Homer without firm wedding plans; in fact, this lead to drawing people’s attention to her way of life, whereby people make various speculations about her. The act of buying the poison is considered to be effort to commit suicide by people in her town. However, Emily had numerous instabilities that resulted to different directions and leading to finals scene of making a conclusion that she had necrophilia (Qun, 67). In this case, necrophilia is a condition, which regards a sexual attraction to dead bodies. In addition, this is a term used to describe a powerful desire to control another person in a context of romantic through an intense pers onal relationship. Therefore, Emily as a necrophiliac, controlled her relationship, which resorted to bonding with unresponsive entities without resistance or will, like the case with dead bodies. Daughter and Woman Emily is also portrayed as the only child in her family, whereby the narrator does not mention of her siblings, and her mother is not mention. Moreover, it is striking that the narrator fails to mention about her mother, since there is not reasonable explanation for this. Instead, the narrator focuses on emphasizing on the way she was her father’s daughter and the loneliness she experienced due to him (Fang, 106). On the other hand, she is completely controlled by his father up to his death and this control continues even after his death. For instance, he separates her from the rest of the world, during his life, whereby he ensures that Emily did not have any friends, lover, or husband. In this case, her father sets up a life that is in a way that is impossible fo r her to change until her death (Fang, 106). Emily is portrayed to be a weak person, who is unwilling to declare a stance against her father; though this idea is in a way that blames has as the victim. Her father is depicted as a person who is strangely controlling, domineering, and willing to treat her daughter with cruelty. However, her behaviors are disguised by this theory after his death, whereby she tried to get rid of the perception that had been created by her father (Fang, 106). Nevertheless, Emily failed to pursue her own desires of love and sex, and the effort to pursue womanhood fails leading to a decision to revert to

International Marketing Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

International Marketing Strategy - Essay Example This has been done evaluating the current position of the hotel group and the future aims and goals of the same. 1.1 About the Company Holiday Inn is a significant brand of InterContinental Hotel Group. For more than 50 years, Holiday Inn has been offering its friendly and modern services. The company’s 1300 attractive and convenient facilities are spread across the globe. The brand is one of the most recognized hotel brands. The brand has recently been launched with enhanced and contemporary brand identity and image. The brand is expected to come up with enhanced consistency and improved service levels. 2.0 Situation Analysis Holiday Inn hotels are spread across various locations including North and South America, Middle East, Asia-Pacific, Central America, Europe, Africa, Australia and Oceania. Even in Middle East, the company has several hotels its facilities in Bahrain, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates. In this proj ect the consideration has been Holiday Inn hotels in UAE. This segment would analyse the current situation in UAE. In UAE, the hotel brand has its facilities in locations like Dubai, Sharjah and Abu Dhabi. 2.1 Internal Environment SWOT analysis has been used to discuss the internal environment of Holiday Inn in UAE. The company’s strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities are discussed to frame the strategies of this company. Strengths Holiday Inn is a significant brand which has its reach throughout the world. The hotel has attractive rooms and facilities to offer the customers a refreshed and relaxed experience. Apart from that, the hotels have almost all the amenities starting from the high speed internet services to the specific fitness amenities. The company has come up with family line hotels with the concept of ‘Kids Stay and Eat Free’. The hotel has also introduced rewards for the priority club members. These rewards include free hotel stays to some free airline miles. The company has recently re-launched itself in accordance to the changes in the market demand and trends. Another significant of the hotel is that it is a part of a leading group, IHG, which have a strong balance sheet. This would be helpful to spend more on capital expenditure to sustain the expansion and growth in the service industry. Weaknesses During the recession time, the hospitality industry has been suffering from declining demand. The purchasing power of the customers has reduced due to the economic downturn. This has reduced the demand for Holiday Inn. Apart from them, there are certain services like shopping malls and spa services are not there in the Holiday Inn hotels, which can emerge as the weakness of this hotel compared to other

Mass Media In A Liberal Democratic Society

Mass Media In A Liberal Democratic Society What is the proper role of the mass media in a liberal democratic society? In the contemporary world, the use of mass media has been on the increase and thus this has not exempted its use in the political arena. In connection to this point, there is a vital role that is played by mass media especially in the liberal democratic society. As such, a liberal democratic society is the one in which elections are fair and free while encouraging competition in the political process. This kind of democracy is a representative of the American, Brazilian and Canada among other such like democracies. In particular, a liberal democratic society seeks to bring developments in the political arena, social and economic sectors. In this sense, the government is used as a tool of making developments where they are needed. On the other hand, democracy brings about vesting of authority on the citizens. In this context, the proper role of mass media in such a society may be not understood. Therefore, the undertaking of this work will cover the proper role played by mass media in a liberal democratic society. Following this point, democracy involves a set of measures followed in the making choice of the state elite. It actually requires meaningful electoral choice that which can be made possible by the mass media which is important in any large democratic polity. In this sense, there have been ongoing arguments regarding the autonomy granted to the mass media as far as politics are concerned. Arguably, the success of any liberal democratic society is direct connected to the free flow of both ideas and arguments. This is necessitated by the mass media which should in fact maintain a deliberative exchange of such ideas and arguments. From a general point of view, mass media plays a pivotal role in a liberal democratic society which is termed as a role of being a guardian of the democracy along with the defending of the interest of the public  [1]  . In actual sense, mass media plays the role of correcting the arms of the government which involve the executive, judiciary and in the large r perspective the legislative. In other words, the mass media plays a major role as the major player in the theatre of elections  [2]  . It was also noted that democracy requires inhibited public debates along with free speeches and along with this point, citizens should be equipped with the ability to make informed decisions of which this is accomplished by the use of mass media  [3]  . In addition, a liberal democratic society should actually provide sufficient information along with transparency in the matters of political decisions. As well, it should provide competition in terms of ideas and arguments which encourage participation from the members of the society and thus meet the demands of a democratic society. According to research, mass media has a great role to play in the context of a liberal democratic society. As such, it has been pointed that there are three major roles that media plays in the given society  [4]  . The most important one has been pointed out as the media acting in the capacity of a regulator against the state. In the same line of thought, the media is given to the role and responsibility of ensuring that accurate as well as sufficient information is provided to the society from the larger point of view. Accordingly, the mass media has another major role to play which cannot be underrated. As a matter of fact, it should work hard to ensure that it represents people in the sense of sufficiently reflecting the range of public opinions together with the aspect of political competition  [5]  . It is important at this point to note that media has a major communication role to play in the context of a liberal democratic society. So to speak, communication entails the facilitation of the public dialogues, representation of the public, making the public to live being informed, and acting as a regulator or rather a watchdog of the structures of power which affect the wellbeing of the public. As well, media is used as a tool of social unity and thus it is important to bring into view the major types of media systems in use to accomplish roles assigned within a democratic society. In line with this point, media covers the instruments of communication employed in order to accomplish the roles of communication in a democratic society. As such, these instruments of communication involve books, internet, films, newspapers and TVs among others as such. In essence, democracy advocates for freedom of speech to be granted to the members of the society. In this sense, media works to represent the members within the given society of which due to the limited space, they use some members of the society to speak for the citizens and as well representatives of particular groups and communities together with other such like organization representatives. Therefore, through the use of media, the ideas and arguments along with the information of the given people in the society is brought into public view for the necessary actions to be taken. Basically, the media is expected play the role of a watchdog for the public. This is to suggest that it should take the responsibility to protect the very citizens or rather the society it is mandated to serve. So to articulate, the public is always out to see that the media is regulating the power structures of the society by exploring their functioning and then notify the public when there has arisen some issues in the structures  [6]  . This is also accompanied by the media pointing out to the interests of the people and where they want to act. Another point to note is that a liberal democratic society as it has been highlighted requires a good flow of information. This is to suggest that the public requires to get information and to stay informed. In such as society, citizens are inclined towards making collective decisions for the societal benefit altogether. In the light of this point, democratic societies grow when there is flow of the shared information among the society members and thus it is imperative for the media to inform the society regarding the contemporary issues that need attention and the public stance in regard to them. As far as social unity is concerned, the media acts as a tool that works to bring together the members of the society by making use of a common culture which is only achieved when the media gives the society an experience of culture that is shared. According to research findings together with arguments from various scholars, media as a key player in the flow of information in the society has failed in most of its roles. This is what has brought about the misconception of the proper role of the mass media in a liberal democratic society. However, pointing out to what should be done so that the media can play its proper role, will help to alleviate the burden of the media abuse in a democratic context. As such, the mass media should not accept the manipulation by the political leaders who use it for selfish interest  [7]  . In the light of this point, the media should seek to ensure a universal access in that members should be given room to the right of entry to the mass media to contribute as well as gain from the public. The role of the mass media in the democratic society will be realized again when the mass media works independent from the structures of power present in the society. In all the undertakings of the media, influential leaders should be presented separately from the titles so that there may be no bias. Owing to the manipulation of the mass media by influential leaders, mostly the media may ignore the interests along with the concerns of the public and as such, this should not be done but rather the media should respond to the public interests and concerns altogether. From a more practical point of view, the media is expected to provide truthful and honest information if the development of the democracy is to be achieved. It has been argued that media is central to a democratic society as it leads to information accessibility at all social levels and geographical locations of a society  [8]  . Equally, mass media works as a critic essential to the government along with the investigations of wrong doing. In essence, mass media has its proper role as that of acting as an advocate for good along with bad causes. It is the responsibility of the mass media again to state the different constituencies of the democracy. So to speak, it works towards the creation of common experiences to the society while offering shared public symbols. Needless to say, it is through media that the public gets to interact with the leaders and as such solicit information from them. Accordingly, mass media plays the role of constantly reminding the society the essence of their national identity  [9]  . Following this point, the instruments of media have experienced developments which are closely linked to the technological development. This is to suggest that it is not only though books, newspapers and TVs among others that the mass media operates, but rather internet has come into the scene. Thus, it is possible for the political leaders to use the internet to influence the citizens and as well interact with them  [10]  . Of importance to note in this case is the abuse of mass media by the leaders in order to serve their self driven interest. Therefore, regulation of the mass media should be carried out so that no cases of abuse can be reported. Arguably, contemporary democracy has been pointed out as not to be working. This is given to the reason that the media has engaged in politics with the citizens engaging in the internet citizenship and thus the point of contact and development has been lost  [11]  . Besides this point, mass media has developed to a point whereby it has thus constrained leadership and leaders in the democratic society and thus on the other hand mass media has worked to drag back the democratic societyà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s growth  [12]  . More to this point, arbitrated political communication in the public specialty can smooth the progress of deliberative legalizing of the processes in multifarious societies only if an autonomous media system gains self-government from its social situation and if unidentified audiences grant a criticism between a knowledgeable leader conversation and a reactive civil society  [13]  . Although there have been many challenges limiting the media from achieving its objective, it is essential to note that mediaà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s role in the liberal democratic society is paramount. As such, it serves the role of being the watchdog by regulating and criticizing the operations of the government. It provides a platform whereby the leaders of the society interact with the citizens and thus serve their needs. Debates concerning the political and social matters are carried out in the media and thus it serves the interests of the public. It further corrects the wrongs of the government and thus it keeps the government on check so as to ensure freedom and fairness in the society altogether.

Comparing The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and A&P :: comparison compare contrast essays

Huck Finn and A+P Â   In the novel Huckleberry Finn, Huck goes through many adventures on the Mississippi River. He escapes from Pap and sails down a ways with an escaped slave named Jim. Huck goes through a moral conflict of how wrong it is to be helping Jim escape to freedom. Eventually Huck decides he will go against what society thinks and help Jim by stealing him from a farmer with the help of Tom Sawyer, a friend. In A+P the young man, Sammy, is confronted with an issue when he sees his manager expel some girls from the store he worked in simply because of their defiance to its dress code. In his rebellion against the owner, the boy decides to quit his job and make a scene to defend the rights he feels are being violated. In these stories, both the boys are considered superior to the authority that they are defying because of the courage that it took for Huck to free Jim, and for Sammy to quit his job for the girls because it was what they believed in. Â   Why would anyone in his or her right mind even think about freeing a slave? Everyone in the society was telling Huck that slaves were no more than ones property, but Huck began to question this belief when he got to know the property for who it really was. During the story there are many times when Huck feels an obligation to turn Jim in to the authorities and just get on with his life, but his conscience kept telling him that this man is a real person. Near the end of the story, Jim was stuck in a holding cell, since he had run away. After much consideration of the situation, Huck decides that he wants to free Jim because he believes that he shouldn't be treated that way. Even though the entire town believes that Jim should be contained and treated like property, Huck still sticks to his morals and goes along with the plan that could get him in trouble or even killed. At the end of the story we find out that Jim had always been free, and we now find Huck's actions to be heroic and noble.

Mixed-sex education Essay

Coeducation, also known as Mixed-sex education, is the integrated education of male and female persons in the same institution under same roof. Most of the older institutions of higher education were reserved for the male students but now changed their policies to become coeducational. The first co educational institute of higher education was Oberlin College in United States, which was established in 1833. In 1844, Hillsdale College became the second college to admit mixed-sex classes to four-year degree programs. The University of Iowa became the first coeducational public or state university in the United States in 1855. We have co education in many of our universities, a few colleges and some English type schools. It is mostly not available in most of our degree colleges up to intermediate level. Co education gives useful training to boys and girls to work together. While studying side by side in different classes, they learn to co operate for common aims and purposes. After completing their education, they can easily join different professions together. They can work together for common national aims and scientific research centres. Co education is good as it develops self confidence. Boys and girls studying together can discuss their subjects and can help each other in understanding them well. Co education can make boys and girls competitive with each other in studies. Both can try to learn more and do better in discussions and examinations. Co education can save some institutions and can save money and in such a developing country like Pakistan. At present, Pakistani govt. is not in the position to afford electricity for separate institutions for girls. Yet, co education has some disadvantages. First, it is totally against our religion. The system of co-education is not good in the Islamic States of the world. This system has been produced by the non-Muslim states. The concept of Hijab is not there, but in our religion Islam, Hijab (parda) is clearly ordered as presented in the Holy Quran in Surah Nisa. Meeting, talks, relations and other non-islamic tasks between the males and females (Muslim na-mahram) is prohibited in Islam. † A famous Hadith, † When a na- mahram man and woman are standing alone, the third one is evil (Ebleese) among them†. Finally, I will conclude that coeducation has some advantages as well as disadvantages. It is necessary to make a proper use of co education in our institutions of higher learning. It is possible to get the benefits of co education and avoid most of the disadvantages.

Anticipated Challenges and Planned Responses

ANTICIPATED CHALLENGES AND PLANNED RESPONSES As our business enters the world of food industry, INTERNAL QUALITY CONTROL 1. Sanitation Problem Every food would not be one if it is not clean. It takes several stages to ensure that our products are not only edible or delicious, but most importantly safe for every consumer. This is also a serious matter of all food industries because its good name is at stake. Orion Foods Inc. being a competitive newcomer, will go through big paces to earn the market’s trust, which is too costly. We have to respond to regulatory authorities which provide the compulsory national framework for food or meat hygiene programmes through laws and regulations. Response Hygienic measures are to be taken during the various processing steps in the manufacture of meat products – the Meat Processing Hygiene.This is part of a firm’s Quality Management (QM) based on the following three principles crucial for meat processing operations: * Prevent m icrobial contamination of raw materials, intermediate (semi-manufactured)goods and final products during meat product manufacture through absolute cleanliness of tools, working tables, machines as well as hands and outfits of personnel. * Minimize microbial growth in raw materials, semi-manufactured goods and final products by storing them at a low temperature. Reduce or eliminate microbial contamination by applying heat treatment at the final processing stage for extension of shelf life of products Fig. *** Microbiological contamination in the meat processing chain Figure *** shows the extent of contamination among meat processing operations, and the possible remedies, if any. If these processes were relinquished, it would highly contaminate meat which is unsuitable for further processing. Final products could be unattractive, tasteless or shorter in shelf life. In light of this issue, Quality Management schemes are needed.Such schemes have technical and hygienic components. The fo rmer encompasses product composition, processing technologies, packaging, storage and distribution. The hygienic aspect, related to meat processes, focuses not only for the final product, but also for the raw materials in various processes. It has two useful schemes: * Good Hygienic Practices (GHP) It follows general hygienic rules and applies recognized hygienic principles as well as laws and regulations issued by the competent authorities, referring to meat and meat products, equipment, Premises and personnel.GHP schemes are not factory specific, they apply to all types of meat plants. They are intended to establish and maintain acceptable hygienic standards in relevant meat operations. * Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) HACCP are factory and product specific strictly sanitary control schemes that shall prevent, detect, control and/or reduce to save levels accidentally occurring hazards to consumers’ health. Despite GHP in place, accidental hazards cannot be ruled out and may occur at any processing step of the individual meat product.Specifically for meat processing plants, such hazards may be provoked by failures such as: * batches of incoming raw meat materials with abnormal tissues or * heavy contamination, * breakdowns in refrigeration, * failure in cooking/sterilization operations, * abnormal pH or a * in raw or finished products, * errors in levels of application of * curing salts and other additives, * technical problems in sealing of * vacuum packages or cans with * the risk of recontamination.