A Critique on What Lips My Lips Have Kissed

Edna St. Vincent Millay’s What Lips My Lips Have Kissed, is an imagistic relapse into the psyche of a desensitized woman.â It brushes the spiritualist standards held inside closeness and sex, while additionally keeping up a fundamental attention to the author’s bisexuality.Though, the relationship marks of shame she addresses despite everything apply to human relationships today, this sonnet must be viewed as progressive for its timespan and the women's activist movement.â In this article I mean to show how this sonnet, among a significant number of Millay’s different works, have accomplished religion status, because of their nearby connection with her life.When Millay states What lips my lips have kissed, and where, and why, I have overlooked, she is clearly alluding to her past darlings (MIllay). The perfect that gives more an incentive to this announcement is realizing that these sweethearts incorporate men, ladies and profoundly acclaimed laureates.â She proceeds to utilize exceptionally emblematic symbolism to imply the nearness of these lost lovers.Terms like, apparitions, flying creatures, and obviously lips, are utilized to recognize their quality all through the poem.â Millay compares herself to a tree, whose winged creatures have disappeared individually (Millay).â This human association with nature adds to the sonnets interest and its mysticism.â The whole reason for her dour relapse is summarized toward the finish of the sonnet when she says,These last three refrains summarize the primary reason of the sonnet and furthermore look like the sentiments of a lady who has been desensitized to intimacy.â This is a progressive situation for a lady to be in during the 1930’s to 50’s thinking about that the social desires for the American ladies were very strict.Men expected that ladies would turn out to be wild and sex crazed on the off chance that they encountered sex with more than one partner.â Millay ’s unbridled nature and her tense point of view certainly run contrary to the natural order of things of what society expected.â This defiant nature in the sonnet can be legitimately corresponded to encounters in Millay’s genuine as a cross-sexual.

Island of the Sequined Love Nun Chapter 49~50 Free Essays

49 The Bedside Manner of Cannibals Fold dozed through a large portion of the day, at that point woke up with a pot of espresso over a tale of espionage. He took a gander at the words and his eyes descended the pages for 30 minutes, however when he put it down he had no clue what he had perused. His psyche was torn by the idea of Beth Curtis appearing at his entryway. We will compose a custom article test on Island of the Sequined Love Nun Chapter 49~50 or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now At whatever point a gatekeeper crunched over the rock compound, Tuck would go to the window to check whether it was her. She wouldn’t come here during the day, would she? He had guaranteed Kimi that he would keep an eye on Sepie and meet him at the drinking circle, yet now he was at that point a day late on the guarantee. What might occur if Beth Curtis went to his cottage while he was out? She couldn’t tell the doc, right? What might her reason be for coming here? All things considered, Tuck was starting to feel that the doc wasn’t actually the one managing everything. He was simply gifted work, thus, likely, was Tucker himself. Fold took a gander at the pages of the international mystery novel, viewed a little Malaysian TV (today they were tossing lances at coconuts on a shaft while the Asian stock market’s tickers looked at the base of the screen in slim hued groups), and sat tight for sunset. At the point when he could no longer observe the guard’s face over the compound, he made an extraordinary demonstration of yawning and extending before the window, at that point flipped off the lights, constructed the sham in his bed, and sneaked out through the base of the shower. He took his typical way behind the facility, at that point crawled his way up on the far side and looked around the front. Not ten feet away a gatekeeper remained by the entryway. He dodged rapidly around the bend. There was no chance to get into the facility today around evening time. He could pause or even attempt to threaten the watchman, since he realized they were reluctant to shoot him. Obviously, he wasn’t sure they realized they were hesitant to shoot him. Imagine a scenario in which Mato was the one and only one. He slid down the side of the structure and through the coconut forest to the sea shore. The swim had become like strolling to the letter drop, and he was past the minefield in under five minutes. As he adjusted the bend of the sea shore, he saw a light and figures moving around it. The Shark men had carried a lamp fuel light to the drinking circle. How enlightened. A portion of the men recognized his quality as he moved into the circle, yet the old boss just gazed into the sand between his feet. There was a heap of magazines next to him. â€Å"What’s going on, guys?† A frenzy advanced around the hover to arrive on Abo, who gazed upward and stated, â€Å"Your companion is shot by the guards.† Fold paused, yet Abo turned away. Fold bounced before Malink. â€Å"Chief, would he say he is coming clean? Did they shoot Kimi? Is he dead?† â€Å"Not dead,† Malink stated, shaking his head. â€Å"Hurt very bad.† â€Å"Take me to him.† â€Å"He is at Sarapul’s house.† â€Å"Right. I’ll find it in the manual later. Presently take me to him.† Old Malink shook his head. â€Å"He going to die.† â€Å"Where is he shot?† â€Å"In the water by the minefield.† â€Å"No, numbnuts. Where on his body?† Malink held his hand to his side. â€Å"I state, ‘Take him to the Sorcerer,’ however Sarapul state, ‘The Sorcerer shoot him.'† Malink then looked at Tuck without flinching just because. His enormous earthy colored face was an investigation in a difficult situation. â€Å"Vincent send you. What do I do?† Fold could detect a significant shame in the elderly person. He had recently conceded before the men in his clan that he didn’t understand. The loss of face was perplexing him like an eager sand crab. Fold stated, â€Å"Vincent is satisfied with your choice, Malink. Presently I should see Kimi.† One of the youthful Vincents held up. Feeling exceptionally fearless, he stated, â€Å"I will take you.† Fold got his shoulder. â€Å"You’re a decent man. Lead on.† The youthful Vincent appeared to neglect to relax for a second, as though Tuck had contacted him on the shoulders with a blade and invited him to a seat at the Round Table, at that point he went to his faculties and took off into the wilderness. Fold followed not far behind, about clotheslining himself a few times on branches that the youthful Vincent ran directly under. The coral rock on the way tore at Tuck’s feet as he ran. At the point when they rose up out of the wilderness, Tuck could see a light coming out of Sarapul’s hovel, which Tuck perceived from his day in the savage tree. He went to youthful Vincent, who was unnerved. He had charged the winged serpent, however had wrongly stopped to consider it. â€Å"Kimi’s with the cannibal?† Youthful Vincent gestured quickly while ricocheting from foot to foot, appearing as though he would wet himself any second. â€Å"Go on,† Tuck said. â€Å"Go advise Malink to come here. Also, have a beverage. You’re wigging out.† Vincent gestured and ran off. Fold moved toward the entryway gradually, crawling up until he could see the elderly person hunched over Kimi, attempting to empty something into his mouth from a coconut cup. â€Å"Hey,† Tuck stated, â€Å"how’s he doing?† Sarapul glanced around and motioned for Tuck to go into the house. Fold needed to curve to get past the low entryway, however once inside the roof opened to a fifteen-foot top. Fold stooped by Kimi. The navigator’s eyes were shut, and even in the orange light of Sarapul’s oil light, he looked pale. He was revealed and a gauze was folded over his center. â€Å"Did you do this?† Tuck asked Sarapul. The old man-eater gestured. â€Å"They shoot him in water. I pull him in.† â€Å"How numerous times?† Sarapu held up a since quite a while ago bowed finger. â€Å"Both sides? Did it go through?† Tuck signaled with his fingers on either side of his hip. â€Å"Yes,† Sarapul said. â€Å"Let me see.† The old man-eater gestured and opened up Kimi’s wrap. Fold rolled the pilot delicately on his side. Kimi moaned, however didn’t wake. The shot had hit him around two creeps over the hip and about an inch in. It had passed right however, going in the size of a pencil and leaving the size of a quarter. Fold was astounded that he hadn’t seeped to death. The old man-eater had worked superbly. â€Å"Don’t take him to the Sorcerer,† Sarapul said. â€Å"The Sorcerer will murder him. He is the main navigator.† The old man-eater was arguing while at the same time attempting to stay wild. A cry deceived him. â€Å"He is my friend.† Fold contemplated the injury to allow the old barbarian to accumulate himself. He couldn’t recall any fundamental organs being here. Be that as it may, the injuries would need to be stiched closed. Fold wasn’t sure he had the stomach for it, however Sarapul was correct. He couldn’t take Kimi to Curtis. â€Å"Do you all have anything you use to murder pain?† The savage took a gander at him curiously. Fold squeezed him and he cried. â€Å"Pain. Do you have anything to stop pain?† â€Å"Yes. Don’t do that anymore.† â€Å"No, for Kimi.† Sarapul gestured and went out into the dull. He restored a couple of moments later with a glass container half-brimming with smooth fluid. He gave it to Tuck. â€Å"Kava,† he said. â€Å"It make you no ouch.† Fold uncapped the container and a smell like cooking cabbage attacked his noses. He held his breath and took a major slug of the stuff, smothered a muffle, and gulped. His mouth was quickly numb. â€Å"Wow, this should do it. I need a needle and some string and some high temp water. Also, some liquor or peroxide in the event that you have it.† Sarapul gestured. â€Å"I put Neosporin on him.† â€Å"You think about that? For what reason am I doing this?† Sarapul shrugged and left the house. Clearly, he didn’t keep anything inside however his thin old ass. Kimi groaned and Tuck turned him over. The navigator’s eyes rippled open. â€Å"Boss, that hound fucker shot me.† â€Å"Curtis? The more established white guy?† â€Å"No. Japanese pooch fucker.† Kimi attracted his finger over his scalp a line and Tuck knew precisely who he implied. â€Å"What would you say you were doing, Kimi? I revealed to you that I’d keep an eye on Sepie and meet you.† Tuck felt a charming deadness moving into his appendages. This kava stuff would work. â€Å"You didn’t come. I stress for her.† â€Å"I needed to fly.† â€Å"Sarapul state those individuals extremely terrible. You should come live here, boss.† â€Å"Be calm. Drink this.† He held the container to Kimi’s lips and tipped it up. The pilot took a taste and Tuck let him rest before regulating another portion. â€Å"That stuff nasty,† Kimi said. â€Å"I’m going to line you up.† The navigator’s eyes went wide. He took the container from Tuck and swallowed from it until Tuck tore it out of his hands. â€Å"It won’t be that bad.† â€Å"Not for you.† Fold smiled. â€Å"Haven’t you heard? I’ve been sent here by Vincent.† â€Å"That what Sarapul state. He state he don’t put stock in Vincent until we come, however now he do.† â€Å"Really?† Sarapul got through the entryway with an armload of provisions. â€Å"I don’t state that. This pooch fucker lies.† Fold shook his head. â€Å"You folks were made for each other.† Sarapul set down a sewing unit and a jug of peroxide, at that point hunkered over the pilot and gazed toward Tuck. â€Å"Can you fix him?† Fold smiled and snatched the old man-eater by the cheek. â€Å"Yum,† Tuck said. â€Å"Sorry,† Sarapul said. â€Å"I’ll fix him,† Tuck said. Quietly he requested assistance from Vincent. â€Å"I canâ€?

Understanding the Fear of Insects or Entomophobia

Understanding the Fear of Insects or Entomophobia Phobias Types Print Understanding the Fear of Insects or Entomophobia By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on April 28, 2019 Cheyenne Montgomery / Getty Images More in Phobias Types Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Entomophobia, sometimes known as insectophobia, is the fear of insects. The fear is relatively common in the US, particularly in urban areas where coming into contact with a bug is fairly unusual because of the lack of interaction with nature. Urban dwellers fears of insects often serve as fodder for situation comedies and reality shows that depict their sudden transition to rural or island life. Many people who have never been exposed to this life can struggle because of the prevalence and pervasiveness of insects in living areas or they become overly aware of them in public spaces. Although they are not technically insects, the fear of spiders is the most prevalent form of entomophobia. Other commonly feared bugs include bees, ants, cockroaches and flies such as butterflies and moths. Many people fear bugs in general, reacting in panic to any insect or related creature that crosses their path. Fear of Contamination In many cases of entomophobia, the sufferer is afraid of becoming contaminated by insects. Many bugs, such as cockroaches and flies, do carry disease. However, people with contamination phobias take prudent cleanliness to an extreme. In addition, disgust there is a reaction that often causes symptoms of anxiety. A variety of research performed in the 2000s showed that we react more strongly to creatures that we find disgusting than we do to animals that may be more inherently dangerous. Perhaps this is an evolutionary response to our ancestors misunderstandings of disease prevention. Fear of Being Bitten Some people worry that they will be bitten by an insect. Specific worries run the gamut from the fear of pain to the fear of illness. Legitimate allergic reactions, particularly to bee stings and fire ant bites, do exist, as do legitimately venomous insects, but by in large, the fear of common insects such as house flies, cockroaches and the like do not warrant the fear of being bitten. The fear of triggering a medical condition is never considered a phobia. However, the vast majority of insect bites or stings cause little more than an annoyance, and most fears of being bitten are out of proportion to the risks. Fear of Infestation Some people worry about their homes or bodies becoming infested with bugs. According to an article in the Cultural Entomology Digest, people with this fear often bring items that they believe to be bugs to pest control officials. These specimens, gathered around the house, turn out to be bits of lint, scabs or dust, rather than the feared bugs. In the article, researcher Phillip Weinstein points out that infestation fears may be indicative of delusional thoughts rather than a simple phobia. It is up to the treatment provider to carefully analyze the clients thoughts and behaviors in order to accurately diagnose and treat the issue. The fear of insects is relatively common but does not need to take over your life. The fear responds well to a variety of short-term treatment methods. One of the most effective treatments is MEE or mere exposure effect, where entomophobes are introduced to insects in a controlled and intentional way. With a bit of hard work, you can beat even the most stubborn entomophobia.

Impact of mobile communication technology in the construction industry - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 20 Words: 6016 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? 1. INTRODUCTION The total annual turnover of the building and construction industry in most economies around the world amounts to billions of dollars per annum, contributing approximately 10 per cent of GDP (Olomolaiye et al, 1998, quoted in Farin et al 2001). Although the Construction sector is pivotal in any economy as noted above, it is however an industry which is plagued by inefficiency which is caused by the lack of communication within organisations involved in the delivery of a project solution. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Impact of mobile communication technology in theÂÂ  construction industry" essay for you Create order According to Bowden and Thorpe (2002), 65% of contractor rework is attributed to insufficient, inappropriate and conflicting information on construction sites. The problem of communication on most construction sites are exacerbated because many operatives working in the field capture data manually (or maybe use a standalone handheld device) which is then physically transported to office. The information may then have to be manually keyed into the office computer system. This process is time consuming and requires extra workforce to re-enter data into the office computer. The introduction of Internet and communication technologies has seen the urgency in the expectations of people within the industry to have access to the latest information produced at any point in the project life. These expectations reflect the increasingly competitive pressure within the construction sector to deliver quicker and cheaper solutions. It also reflects the increased electronic awareness that internet use has cultured, realising a one-stop information on demand medium. The invention of handheld computing device enabled with a suitable wireless capability has proved a valuable innovation which reduces travel costs, increase operative efficiency, and speed data transfer. Data can easily be keyed on site and communicated wirelessly to the office computer. This information can further be uploaded on from the computer to the internet or extranet enabling faster and quicker process which reduces times. The use of project extranet solutions (a single project database shared by all project members: Client; Designer; Contractors; Suppliers) and document management systems is now common on large projects. Mobile communication technologies therefore can strategically be implemented to reduce cost and increase returns on investment. There are many applications of mobile communications in the construction industry. This report however focuses on the impact of mobile communication technologies in the construction industry. 2. Mobile Communication Mobile communication is a technology that eases communication by linking individuals or groups who are not physically present at the same location via wireless means. There are various software and hardware been used such as PDA, mobile phones, CAD application, data capture, project management etc. The mobile phone is still the king of mobile communication, and it has evolved to include smart features such as picture messaging, diary management, e-mail and web browsing. Likewise, many handheld computers (Personal Digital Assistants) are being produced with phone capabilities. For many individuals however, affordable smart phones have become feature rich enough to lure them away from their handheld computer, mainly because smart phones are more compact (Kinns and Babtie, 2005). As smart phones win over the personal computing device market, handheld computers are being developed more for the business computing market. Users in this market are more willing to sacrifice device size for increased computing power, and so devices such as the Tablet PC and Ultra Personal Computer (uPC) are being developed. Unlike most personal use, business use of mobile communication is concerned with the transfer of all forms of electronic data. Equally important is the way in which data and information is captured, and then managed to ensure it is readily available to other people/ devices when and where required. Improved cost effective mobile computing power will further reduce the office/ field divide. The uptake of integrated mobile communication computing devices and services has been significant. This growth in use will continue as smart phone devices gain more features, and handheld computers gain increased computing power. This is the belief of many leading players within the construction and telecom industries. Companies need to plan for this wireless future, and exploit the expected growth in their business strategies. 3. BENEFITS OF MOBILE TECHNOLOGY IMPLEMENTATION With the introduction of laptops into the work environment as a substitute for personal computers, the potential of the mobile worker became evident(Bowden et al, 2005). 3.1. Reduction in construction time and capital cost of construction According to (Bowden et al., 2005) mobile technologies can help minimise time and cut capital cost in the construction industry. Generic benefits of the provision of mobile technologies to point of activity workers include: doing away with retyping/redrafting, minimizing travel time in order to retrieve information and cut travel time to view point of actions or activities. Further explanation of cost savings and time are touched on in each of the developments assisted by mobile technologies below. 3.2. Reduction in operation and maintenance costs Mobile technology can help reduce maintenance cost and operation by improving upon the efficiency of workers and as well gather and provide information throughout the life cycle of a building or structure. The following construction industries (Network Rails London, North East and East Anglia Region) are using a PDA, GPS and GIS system to perform earthworks checks; look at the integrity of their embankments and cuttings. Network Rail currently obtains data from the inspections team on a week to week basis instead of waiting till the end of a 4-month inspection. This allows Network Rail to proactively organise their workload systematically. Getting Data using GIS can easily be grouped by condition enabling the identification of all poor earthworks, including their location (automatically recorded by the GPS). A maintenance team can then be instructed to rectify groups of faults in a single pass. Within 1 year Network Rail achieved benefits for the solution(Bowden, 2004). GPRS connected to PDA has been implemented by Rosser and Russell for obtaining new developments in terms of information from their maintenance engineers and delivering work orders. This has caused a significant change in administration required to accomplish their maintenance operation (Gooding, 2004). According to (Gooding and Bowden, 2004) GPS trackers are been utilised by Biwater for the implementation of fleet management system. This has given them the opportunity to able to analyse and track the actual position of their maintenance crews. Time has reduced drastically since the nearest crew to an incident could be spot on and instructed. The improved planning and implementation has considerably reduced maintenance cost, mileage, and also the fuel costs of the fleet. 3.3. Reduction in defects There have been several changes in national initiative that challenge the construction industry to target zero defects in handover. An example, even though Egan(Egan, 1998)came up with target for United Kingdom construction industry as a 20% annual reduction in the number of defects on handover, Egan proposed that there is considerably number of evidence which suggests that within 5 years the aim of zero defects could be achieved across the construction industry. Egan again touched on how some clients in the United States and the United Kingdom have already attained zero defects on handover. Taylor Woodrow and Mace piloted digital pen and paper solution and PDA solution respectively in their project. Both results gave them the knack to gather data electronically at source in a standardized format, and later were stored in a central database. The following trends could be searched on the database; reoccurring fault, re-offending subcontractors and setbacks in correcting errors. The various trends could be outline proactively. An additional benefit of having a central system for defect management is that the costs of rectifying snags can begin to be understood and hence a more proactive approach to managing quality throughout the construction process should be adopted to avoid these costs(Sommerville et al, 2004). According to (Newton, 1998) a research conducted in Australia depicted that 65% of contractor-rework is attributed to inadequate, unsuitable or contradictory information. Tablet PC system linked to a central database via a wireless LAN was developed by 3.4. Reduction in accidents For workers to report near misses, Mobile technologies could provide a mechanism that would increase the number of near misses reported in the construction industry. Those areas which need improvement in terms of electronic data could be analysed and highlighted. According to (Kiser and Fosbroke, 1994) the most common fatal injury is falling from height. OSHA Fall-Safe programme in the USA came up with a tablet PC audit tool(Becker et al, 2001). The work concluded that contractor control of fall hazards were improved when the conduct of an audit and the reports were generated. Next to fall from height are workers being struck by a moving vehicle which accounted for 10 fatalities in the UK in 2003/2004. In the Oil and Gas industry work is been carried out on the application of virtual exclusion zones for oil platform cranes. Cameras mounted on a crane boom can compute the position of personnel in an area hence could provide audible alert for the crane driver and personnel who are in d anger. Although, some vehicles give audible alerts this caution is not directed specifically to the person in danger and can be overlooked and identified as surrounding noise. This virtual exclusion or information zone could be utilized in the construction industry providing warning around machinery such as piling rigs or cranes and to provide information when entering areas with specific safety requirements. A step further along the line towards improving health and safety on-site is the possibility of automated construction, eliminating the need for personnel to be in dangerous areas. An example application is presented by 3.5. Reduction in waste Construction and demolition (CD) debris constitutes the waste generated during construction, renovation, and demolition projects. CD waste commonly includes building materials and products such as concrete, asphalt, wood, glass, brick, metal, gypsum wallboard, roofing, insulation, doors, windows and frames, flooring, and furniture. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimates that approximately 136 million tons of building-related CD debris were generated in 1996 the majority from demolition (48%) and renovation (44%). New construction generated only 8% of building-related CD debris(Fishbein, 1998). The first step in understanding and reducing wastage on-site is to know what materials and equipment have been delivered. Several construction suppliers are currently considering or piloting Mobile IT solutions to facilitate their goods delivery process, providing electronic goods received notes (GRNs) and proof of delivery. A commonly held view is that the weakest point of the supply chain in the construction industry is the site; paper gets delivered and then lost. It may not get filed properly and the people on-site have no real awareness of how all the documents in the supply chain are linked. Lost GRNs are a huge problem for both the contractor and the supplier. One supplier stated that out of 4.5 million tickets issued each year contractors asked them to replace 300,000 GRNs. A contractor stated that on a 45M project 133,000 of invoices was being queried on any one day; Chen et al, 2002). The benefits achieved in relation to waste reduction include: faster location of materials/equipment; certainty that only the correct materials are used, reducing costs associated with damaged items; reduction in lost or stolen items; easier maintenance of a materials tracking database. CPIC (Centre for Performance Improvement in Construction) has developed a toolkit for measuring performance on-site; CALIBRE 2000. Wastage in time, materials and energy are collected by construction observers using a PDA device, which is then synchronised with a central database. The PDA enables information to be collected in real-time and it is then available for analysis by the site team the next day. (Chen et al, 2002).According to (Chen et al, 2002)suggest the use of bar-codes to facilitate a crew-based incentive reward programme (IRP). The workers are rewarded according to the amounts and values of materials they saved from their operations. This resulted in a 10% saving of material wastage. In both of these examples the drawback is that collection of the data still requires manual intervention. (Li et al, 2005). This reduces the possibility of damage to materials from ingress of weather and movement of people, plant and equipment within temporary storage facilities. As stated above, the majority of CD waste is generated during demolition and renovation. RFID tagging provides the capability of attaching information permanently to building components, which in turn offers the opportunity to provide future owners with information about the make-up of each component. Items can then be easily identified for recycling or reuse; even those items that cannot currently be recycled may be recyclable in the future. This would eliminate some of the prohibitive costs associated with identifying and sorting materials, making recycling a more viable option. 3.6. Increase in productivity Productivity is defined as the ratio of the amount of work produced to the resources used in its production. Productivity is increased if it takes fewer resources to do the same amount of work, or the same number of resources can achieve more. The drive for improved productivity in the construction industry has come with the recognition that productivity is inextricably linked to international competitiveness(Teicholz, 2004). Several of the national construction change initiatives promote the use of information technology as a tool to increase productivity, through automating tasks and enhancing collaboration. Task automation provides the following productivity enhancements: delivery of required information e.g. method statements; production of reports e.g. daily progress reports; alerts e.g. notification of safety hazard; data collation, reduces number of administration staff required. One area where significant losses in productivity occur is downtime on-site due to unforeseen problems. The opportunity for mobile technologies to provide immediate access, from the point of activity, to the personnel which may be able to resolve the problem has been an ongoing subject of research(Ballard and Howell, 1994). The Last Planner system has been set up to facilitate this method of planning and its toolset includes: collaborative programming; look-ahead meeting; weekly work plan meeting. The premise is that better planning improves productivity by reducing delays, getting the work done in the best constructability sequence, matching manpower to available work, and coordinating multiple interdependent activities 3.7. Increase in predictability The construction industry is noted for its delays in project delivery and over budget(Bourn, 2001). This is engineered by the following reasons methods of procurement, communication issues and culture. This section of the industry could be transformed by using mobile technology to provide precise real-time progress and cost information as the project progresses. In the above sections it can be observed that communication enhancement from one phase to the other became possible and in some situations have been achieved by most of the construction industries. The following Mobile applications are already in use progress reporting, timesheet, materials management and plant utilisation. This should now pave a way for most construction industries to compare and contrast planned programmes or budget and use this information in future projects. 4. CURRENT USE OF MOBILE TECHNOLOGY IN CONSTRUCTION. 4.1 Software and Hardware Innovations in Mobile Communications 4.1.1 Software Mobile CAD applications: Mobile devices equipped with CAD applications used by Construction personnel can mark-up, view, create and edit 2D/3D AutoCAD compatible designs at any place at anytime on construction site. CAD application may contact engineers, drafters and designers etc. who needs supports of designs and drawings in the construction site. Majority of mobile CAD applications are compatible with well-known mobile devices that run Windows mobile and Windows CE operating systems (COMIT, 2003). In order to communicate drawing files with desktop PCs, mobile CAD applications can connect and swap data with PCs by using ActiveSync for Windows OS or HotSync for Palm OS. The following are some of the CAD applications been used PocketCAD, PowerCAD and ZipCAD. Data capture applications: Bar code scanning, wireless sensors network and data capture are the three various types of data capture application used on sites. One of the mobile data capture system known as SHERPA enable users to collect real time piling work data by using mobile computers through a wireless local area network (WLAN) (Ward et al., 2003). Mobile construction chain supply(M-ConSCM) also named as bar- code enabled PDA, has been developed to create convenience and improve information flow in the construction supply chain environment through the integration of bar code scanner and PDA combined (Tserng and Dzeng, 2005). A new innovation has come into play i.e. Wireless sensor network that consists of various devices capable of a cooperative sensing task and is compared with the concept of ubiquitous computing. A mass concrete curing management system (CMS) has been developed to investigate the possibility of applying wireless sensor network to on-site data collection proces ses (Lee and Kang, 2006). This system can allow the collection, transfer, and delivery of the recorded curing temperature data automatically in real time in a wireless sensor network environment. Project management applications: Applications in the project administration area provide users with the capabilities of project and programme management such as construction activity review, activity monitoring and updating, progress management, risk management, Microsoft Project file view and update, and material and equipment management, through their on-hand mobile computers. Available commercial applications include Primavera Mobile Management, CYtools, and OnSite FDM. 4.1.2 Hardware Palmtops / PDA Personal Digital Assistance PDA (Personal Digital Assistant), sometimes known as a Palmtop, is a mobile computer that allows you to store, access, and organize information. More sophisticated PDAs can run word processing, spreadsheet and industry specific applications and also provide e-mail and internet process. Some models now offer the functionality of a mobile phone and a PDA in a single unit. These units use either a Palm or Microsoft Windows Pocket PC operating system. In general, the more functions offered on the device, the shorter the battery life. Currently, there are no rugged devices available in this category, since they could be seen as more akin to a non-rugged mobile phone. Many of these devices use an electronic pen (called a stylus) rather than a keyboard for input. This is associated with special operating systems that support handwriting recognition so that users can write on the screen or on a tablet instead of typing on a keyboard. Hand-held Computers A hand-held computer offers the main functionality of a laptop in a smaller package. They feature a full QWERTY style keyboard and a landscape display. Typically, they run on a Windows-based operating system, like a desktop PC. Because they have a keyboard, this type of device is probably best suited where it can be used on a stable base, for example in a pick-up truck. Although the Windows CE OS is more demanding on battery life and memory, many of the devices will compensate for this by providing more memory space and larger capacity batteries as standard. 4.2 Health and Safety One of the most hazardous industries to work in the is the construction industry; it is noted that 3.6 per 100,000 workers in the United Kingdom encounter fatal injury, associating with 70 people, depicts an unfavourably average of 0.81 in the industry(Mckerman, 2001). 4.2.1 Case Study (Health and Safety-Skanka) The civil engineering division of Skanska known as Skanska Tekra Oya in Finland is currently using SMS/WAP and MMM based system which propels them to collect data electronically by using the supervisors phone. It then passes problem notifications on to the subcontractors who then respond with via SMS when problem is resolved. Issues which took days to complete could be dealt with in few hours and since then accidents have decreased drastically with the use of the system. The gathered data are stored on a central database facilitating the classification of trends to be automated. Continual non application can be emphasized and a more positive approach of doing away with their reoccurrence can be established, such as training preventative measures put in place e.g. warning signs placed at dangerous areas and barriers around overhead electricity cables. In addition, subcontractors who are time and again causing safety issues and are reluctant in putting an end to them can be dealt with properly. Finnish Institute of Occupational Health came up with a mobile system that replicates MVR safety method for civil engineers and is used in most construction industry in Finland. Coming up with a single tool and comparing across construction sites will smooth the progress of improvement hence reduce. The Accident Triangle(Heinrich et al, 1980)illustrates that fatal injuries are just the tip of the iceberg (Fig 1). Theory states that if you reduce the number of near misses, this in turn will reduce the number of fatalities. The records show near misses is performing badly. The reason could be the number of times they occur and the amount of paperwork that has to be completed and recorded. 5. Emerging Trends and innovation The core reason of mobile in the built environment is its mobility. Mobile phones (speech and text messages), cameras in cell phones, GPRS are the commonly used within the construction industry. In terms of logistics, quality control and control of equipment, RFID reader is applied. Additional use of RFID is the access right control, emerging in janitorial services; access rights controls and mobile access managements with very short-range wireless point-to-point interconnection technology. This technology is likely to become common in mobile phones, and in fact such kinds of phones are been in use in the industry offering intuitive and user-friendly touched based communication. The interactions that exit between the two devices are reasonable in terms of price and also low immunity to eavesdropping. According to (Tolman et al., 2006b) the new messaging and communication systems been used gives current method and possibilities to communicate and manage with embedded sensors networks in a buildings with general terminal equipments through local or global information networks. During the past decade the port of services has been rated as one of the most powerful trends in information technology. Services offered by web can be thought as environment where services are delivered in a formal way and this formal are interpreted by client side browsers. With the nature of all browsers been able to use all services it is of no importance to install locally specific software to use a specific service. Web paradigm is gradually taking place in mobile devices but there have been several impediments that slow down the trend. In technology mobile browsers are not in the same level as compared with that of desktop browsers and top of that since the web has been design with more resources, the of resources in mobile devices are limited hence makes it a problem. That indicates that mobile devices that use web pages should be designed for them. Web paradigm is a natural fit to mobile devices as distributing software to mobile devices is cumbersome and leads to difficult maintenance problems. 6. Challenges of mobile Technology in the construction industry Though the above benefits of mobile technology shows a headway for most construction industry in using mobile technology there are several challenges faced by the industry that needs to be addressed. 6.1. Hardware for Mobile Technology Handheld computers, lightweight and compact laptops have come into extensive use over the past few years; other devices like wearable computers are also making great impact as well. Where improvement has been sluggish the integration ofmobilehardware seams to bridge a users desktop, activities whilemobile, and the Internet. There are four basic issues that complicate implementation and design (Satyanarayanan, 1996). In relation to static element mobile elements are resource-poor in terms of weight, size and power. Due to the transmission of data through open space mobile communication are vulnerable to security violation. In addition, wireless connectivity is very unpredictable in reliability and performance. Finally,mobile elements must rely on limited energy sources. It is important to note that these issues are not artifacts of current technology but are intrinsic to mobility. Collectively, they complicate the design ofmobile technologysystems. As a result, even though important r esearch progress has been conducted, the implementation and design of mobile computing systems still remain a problem. 6.2. Location-Sensing One of the most widely used location-sensing today is the Global Positioning System (GPS). Using time-of-flight information derived from radio signals broadcast by a group of satellites in earth orbit. GPS makes it possible for a relatively cheap receiver (on the order of $100 today) to deduct latitude, longitude, and altitude to an accuracy of a few meters (Hightower and Borriello, 2001). The U.S. Department of Defence maintained the expensive satellite infrastructure, but with the investment been made many civilian benefits from it. Without a doubt, the past few years there has been a real sudden increase of GPS-based services for the consumer market. Although GPS is certainly important its location mechanism is not universally applicable. It cannot function indoors, particularly in places where there are steel-framed buildings and for many applications its resolution of a few meters is not adequate. GPS requires coordinates relative to specific objects whereas some applications (e .g., guidance systems for robotic equipment) use an absolute coordinate system. Further, the specific mechanism required for GPS impose cost, energy use requirements and weight that are difficult formobilehardware. Consequently, the following mechanism for tracking location (e.g., active badges, e911, and Cricket) considerably varies in their capabilities and infrastructure requirement. System costs vary as well, reflecting different trade-offs among device portability, device expense, and infrastructure needs. For applications involvingmobileobjects, orientation sensing (determining the direction an object faces) is also important, and this continues to be an active area of research. 6.3. Wireless Communications There has been a tremendous growth in the deployment of wireless communication technologies in the past decade. Although there has been considerable increase in data communication technologies, the most recognised one is voice communication (cell phones) which has been the primary driver. With many vendors offering hardware that supports the IEEE 802.11, wireless LAN technologies is now widely embraced in the construction industry (Williams, 2000). Although Bluetooth offers no bandwidth advantage as compared with 802.11, its standard has been backed by a number of hardware and software vendors and it is cheap to produce and frugal in power demand (Haartsen, 2000). The lowest-cost wireless technology in the market is the Infrared wireless communication this is due to the fact that it is primarily used in TV remote controls. IrDA supports handheld computers, laptops and other peripherals devices like printer been used today. Infrared wireless communication must be by line of sight, wit h range limited to a few feet. It is also affected adversely by high levels of ambient light, such as prevail outdoors during daylight hours. Greenhalgh claim that WI-FI network do perform well in open space when on construction site, due to the fact that when projects starts, getting wireless signals is easy but at a stage when they are boxed there seems to be interferences (COMIT, 2003). It is difficult to foresee what new wireless technologies will emerge in the future. Power consumption clearly will be an important factor for untethered devices, such asmobile computers, PDAs, and Smart Dust. In addition, it is clear that advances will be constrained by trade-offs among four factors: frequency, bandwidth, range, and density of wired infrastructure. Devices operating at a higher frequency could have greater bandwidth but would require major advances in high-frequency very-large-scale integration (VLSI) design. Advances also will be constrained by policy decisions on frequency usage (spectrum allocation) by the Federal Communications Commission. Range is fundamentally related to transmission power, but generating high pow er at high frequency always has been a difficult technical challenge. This is not a short-term annoyance but a core, long-term requirement of successful system architectures 6.4. Privacy and Trust Mobile computing and distributed system have been experiencing problems when it comes to privacy and this is greatly complicated by pervasive computing. Smart spaces, surrogates imonitor and location tracking are mechanisms used on a continuous basis. As a users keep on depending on this pervasive computing systems, they get more knowledge about the behaviour pattern, habits and the movement. Utilising this information becomes vital to successful proactivity and self-tuning. In addition, unless information used is strictly controlled, they will be unsafe from targeted spam to blackmail. Indeed, the constant loss of confidentiality will discourage users from using computing system. Greater dependence on mobile communications on site means that users should have confidence in that infrastructure to a considerable extent. On the other hand, the infrastructure has to be confident enough to authorise and identify users credential before responding to request. It is very challenging to cre ate this mutual trust in a manner that is minimally intrusive and thus preserves invisibility. Privacy and trust are likely to be enduring problems in Mobile communication technology in the construction industry. 7. Conclusion The current usage of mobile communication in the construction industry brings many change improvements wished for within the industry by enabling point of activity workers to participate in the electronic flow of information using mobile technologies. Although this is not the only solution to the problems to be addressed, it does offer the potential of significant impact in reducing construction time and cost, defects, accidents, waste and operation and maintenance costs whilst improving predictability and productivity through for example: access to accurate up to date information at the point of activity reducing the cost of remedial work through doing it right first time; Auto-ID of materials enabling faster location and accurate identification, reducing wasted materials through loss, damage or oversupply; Real-time accident and near miss reporting enabling a proactive approach to health and safety on-site; Reduction in down-time due to unforeseen problems through enabling instant and meaningful communication with off-site personnel; Proactive maintenance scheduling and remote delivery of work orders; Provision of accurate real-time progress and cost information which can inform later project stages and/or future projects. The industry response showed that although there was great enthusiasm for the future, not everyone agreed that these technological improvements were viable even though some companies were already looking at implementing some of the proposed solutions. The barriers identified were common to many IT applications in construction; therefore the achievement of the future vision will be dependent on demonstrating tangible benefits at an individual, company, project and client level. REFERENCE Ballard, G., (2000), The Last Planner System of Production Control, University of Birmingham. Ballard, G. and Howell, G.A., (1994), Implementing lean construction: stabilizing work flow,Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction, Chile, Santiago, pp. 101110. Becker, P., Fullen, M., Akladios M., Carr M. and Lundstrom, W., (2001), Use of a hand-held computer to audit construction fall prevention effectiveness, International Journal of Computer Integrated Design and ConstructionVol.3 No 1, pp. 1624. Bourn J., (2001), Modernising Construction, National Audit Office, UK. Bowden, S. and Anderson, P.M. (2004), Goods received notes: Process narrative, Arup, London https://www.comitproject.org.uk/downloads/processMaps/narratives/p6.pdf. Bowden, S., Dorr, A., Thorpe, A., Anumba, C.J. and Gooding, P. (2005), Making the Case for Mobile IT in Construction, International Conference on Computing in Civil Engineering, ASCE. Bowden S., Network Rail (2004). Case Study 1, Arup, London https://www.comitproject.org.uk/downloads/caseStudies/NetworkRail10.pdf. Bowden, S. Thorpe, A., (2002), Mobile communications for on-site collaboration, Civil Engineering, Vol.150, No 2, pp.38-44. Cattel, K. l., Flanagan, R. and Jewell, C. (2004), Competitiveness and productivity in the construction industry: the importance of definitions Construction Industry DevelopmentCIDB 2nd Postgraduate Conference, CIDB Chen, Y., Kamara, J.M. (2007), Managingconstruction site information using mobile computing, Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, Vol.15, No 1, pp, 7-20. Chen, Z., Li H. and Wong, C.T.C., (2002), An application of bar-code system for reducing construction wastes,Automation in ConstructionVol.11, pp. 521533. CIRIA, Improving Programme Predictability: Last Planner System, Members Report E4131, CIRIA (2004). COMIT (2003), Current Status of Mobile IT. Construction Opportunities for Mobile IT, COMIT. Deibert, S., Heinzl, A. and Rothlauf, F. (2008), The Impact Logic of Mobile Technology Usage on Job Production. AMCIS 2008 Proceedings. pp. 160. Dhawan, C. (1996), Mobile ComputingA Systems Integrators Handbook, McGraw-Hill, New York. Egan, J. (1998), Rethinking Construction (The Egan Report), DETR, London. Escofet, G. (2004), Mobile Enterprise Case Studies, Baskerville, UK. Faigen, G.S. and Fridman, B. (2004), Wireless data for the enterprise,Making Sense of Wireless Business, McGraw-Hill, New York. Faniran, O., Love, P., Treloar, G., Anumba, C., 2001, Mehtodological issues in designconstruction intergration, Logistics Information Management, Vol.14, No 5/6, pp. 421-426. Fishbein, B.K., (1998), Introduction,Building for the Future: Strategies to Reduce Construction and Demolition waste in Municipal Projects, pp. 18. Gooding, P. and Bowden, S., Biwater (2004). Case Study 4, Arup, London https://www.comitproject.org.uk/downloads/caseStudies/Biwater10.pdf. Gooding, P., Bowden, S., Rosser and Russell (2004), Case Study 2, Arup, London https://www.comitproject.org.uk/downloads/caseStudies/RosserRpage10.pdf. Gooding, P. and Bowden, S. (2004), Stent Foundations Ltd. COMIT Case Study 5, Arup, London https://www.comitproject.org.uk/downloads/caseStudies/Stentpage10.pdf Haartsen, J.C. 2000. The Bluetooth Radio System. IEEE Personal Communications, Vol.7, No1, pp. 28-36. Heinrich, H.W., Petersen, D. and Roos N., (1980), Industrial Accident Prevention: A Safety Management Approach, McGraw-Hill, New York Hightower, J., and Borriello, G., 2001. Location Systems for Ubiquitous Computing. IEEE Computer, Vol.33, No 8, pp.57-66. Jaselskis, E.J. and El-Misalami, T., (2003), Implementing radio frequency identification in the construction process,Construction Engineering and Management,Vol.129,No 6, pp. 680688. Jonasson, S., Dunston P.S., Ahmed, K. and Hamilton, J., (2002), Factors in productivity and unit cost for advanced machine guidance,Construction Engineering and Management,Vol.128,No 5, pp. 367374. Kisner, S.M. and Fosbroke, D.E. (1994), Injury hazards in the construction industry,Journal of Occupational Medicine,Vol.36,No 2, pp. 137143. Lee, U.K. and Kang, K.-I. (2006), Mass concrete curing management based on ubiquitous computing, Computer-aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, Vol. 21, pp. 148-55 Li, H., Chen Z., Yong, L. and Kong, S.C.W. (2005), Application of integrated GPS and GIS technology for reducing construction waste and improving construction efficiency,Automation in Construction, Vol.14,pp. 323331. Liu, L.Y. (1995), Digital data-collection device for construction site documentation,Proceedings of the Second Congress on Computing in Civil Engineering,pp. 12871293. Magdic, A., Rebolj, D. and Suman, N., (2004), Effective control of unanticipated on-site events: a pragmatic, human-oriented problem solving approach, ITCon, 9,Special Issue Mobile Computing in Construction, pp. 409418. McKernan, T. (2001), SABRE Hazard and Safety Assessment Industry Trials. BRE/Technopolis. 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Sommerville, J., Craig, N. and Bowden S., (2004), The standardisation of construction snagging,Structural Survey,Vol.22, No 5, pp. 251258. Teicholz,P., (2004), Labour Productivity Declines in the Construction Industry: Causes and Remedies AECbytes Viewpoint #4 (https://www.aecbytes.com/viewpoint/issue_4.htm). Tolman, A., Mottonen, V. and Tulla, K. (2006b), Mobility in facility services, in Haugen, T.I., Moum, A. and Brochner, J. (Eds), Proceedings of Changing User Demands on Buildings, Needs for Life Cycle Planning and Management, pp. 559-65. Tserng, H.P. and Dzeng, R.-J. (2005), Mobile construction supply chain management using PDA and bar codes, Computer-aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, Vol. 20, pp. 242-64. Walker, W., (1997), Behavioural Safety: Kicking Bad Habits, The Institution of Occupational Safety and Health, Leicestershire, UK https://www.iosh.co.uk/files/technical/ACFD6C4.pdf. Ward, M.J., Thorpe, A. and Price, A.D.F. 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Essay on Capital Punishment - 783 Words

Many people live by the motto, â€Å"eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth† but does the quote imply that every state believes this also? According to the Death Penalty Information Center only thirty-four states, the government, and the military actually carryout the death penalty sentence, and the use of the sentence has been on the decline since 1997. There is a serious opposition when it comes to society today. The crime rates are not being evaluated enough, the country is in recession, and many families are desperate for any form of income. In order to maintain a healthy and safe environment for the following generations capital punishment should be mandatory for every state. In the judicial system and throughout society, the†¦show more content†¦Today’s society portrays itself in somewhat a different manor as it once did. Fifty years ago an individual might leave their keys in the vehicle while walking inside to grab something, but in current era the individual might think twice before performing this act for it might have a different fate. Trust is found hard to exist in America’s current society. There is a plethora amount of calamity happening in America during this era of history. September 11, 2001 is a day the United States of America will never forget; the country soon fell into a character of dismay, after the attack. America then declared war on terrorism, and as the era stands America is amidst a recession. Furthermore many Americans are concerned with the government’s ampleness spending. According to a subject of The Qualitative Report, â€Å"When asked to list the positive aspects of the death penalty, particip ants†¦often referenced was the ability of the death penalty to deter other criminals and its lower costs. 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Advantages of Brands Free Essays

A strong brand offers many advantages for marketers including: Brands provide multiple sensory stimuli to enhance customer recognition. For example, a brand can be visually recognizable from its packaging, logo, shape, etc. It can also be recognizable via sound, such as hearing the name on a radio advertisement or talking with someone who mentions the product. We will write a custom essay sample on Advantages of Brands or any similar topic only for you Order Now Customers who are frequent and enthusiastic purchasers of a particular brand are likely to become Brand Loyal. Cultivating brand loyalty among customers is the ultimate reward for successful marketers since these customers are far less likely to be enticed to switch to other brands compared to non-loyal customers. Well-developed and promoted brands make product positioning efforts more effective. The result is that upon exposure to a brand (e. g. , hearing it, seeing it) customers conjure up mental images or feelings of the benefits they receive from using that brand. The reverse is even better. When customers associate benefits with a particular brand, the brand may have attained a significant competitive advantage. In these situations the customer who recognizes he needs a solution to a problem (e. g. , needs to bleach clothes) may automatically think of one brand that offers the solution to the problem (e. g. , Clorox). This â€Å"benefit = brand† association provides a significant advantage for the brand that the customer associates with the benefit sought. Firms that establish a successful brand can extend the brand by adding new products under the same â€Å"family† brand. Such branding may allow companies to introduce new products more easily since the brand is already recognized within the market. Strong brands can lead to financial advantages through the concept of Brand Equity in which the brand itself becomes valuable. Such gains can be realized through the out-right sale of a brand or through licensing arrangements. For example, Company A may have a well-recognized brand (Brand X) within a market but for some reason they are looking to concentrate their efforts in other markets. Company B is looking to enter the same market as Brand X. If circumstances are right Company A could sell to Company B the rights to use the Brand X name without selling any other part of the company. That is, Company A simply sells the legal rights to the Brand X name but retains all other parts of Brand X, such as the production facilities and employees. In cases of well developed brands such a transaction may carry a very large price tag. Thus, through strong branding efforts Company A achieves a large financial gain by simply signing over the rights to the name. But why would Company B seek to purchase a brand for such a high price tag? Because by buying the brand Company B has already achieved an important marketing goal – building awareness within the target market. The fact the market is already be familiar with the brand allows the Company B to concentrate on other marketing decisions. We provide more detail on branding in the Managing Products tutorial with a special emphasis on the strategies marketers follow in order to build a strong brand. How to cite Advantages of Brands, Papers

The Healthy Families Program Essay Example

The Healthy Families Program Essay An ideal life for the average person consists of great health, vivacity, overly full of love and care, and respectable people who create a support system throughout it. These elements are usually attributed with the foundation and roots at which a person is born. A family is expected to supply a life like this for children, but what happens when an ideal life is unpleasantly replaced with a nightmare, when parents are no longer parents but perpetrators, either consciously or unconsciously? Families can be (and should be) the most supportive unit in a child’s life, but when the reality is the opposite family abuse can be the most damaging to a person’s future. Physical abuse, sexual abuse, and mental abuse are far too common in our world. Luckily there are programs designed to not only help the recovery for victims of these circumstances, but there are wonderful programs to attempt to prevent the actions from happening to begin with. La Frontera Arizona is an organization that has three smaller programs named Healthy Families, Pasos Adelantes, and Family Passages. We will write a custom essay sample on The Healthy Families Program specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Healthy Families Program specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Healthy Families Program specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Healthy Families Program works with families who are at risk for child abuse and neglect, those suffering from a lot of stressors in their family. They specialize in categories preventing a harmful future for people all around the world. The Pasos Adelantes Program works with families whose children are enrolled in treatment. The last program Family Passages, works with families that are refugees newly resettled to Tucson. These programs target multiple types of populations, ages, and ethnicities. La Frontera Arizona is currently working with Russians, Africans, Bhutanese, Mexicans, and Iraqi’s. This diversity is inspiring to me because it exemplifies their dedication and passion to preventing this abuse. They do not center their attention on a certain group or type of people. They care so much about preventing these issues they extend their services to people from all over the world. After interviewing with Jeaninne Solomon I had many new insights into a topic beyond relevant in our society. She explained to me the angle that her program attempts to attackdiscontinuing a damaging future for children and families through means of preventing family distress. She xplained that most of her cases deal with entire families, not solely children, usually impoverished ones suffering in destitution. These families seem to have the most issues because their lives in poverty increase stressors in life. Jeaninne’s position in the programs is, to put it simply, the foundation and the backbone of the program. She manages all of the programs and the staff, writes grants, identifies new partners in the community, convenes collision meetings, writes reports, seeks funding, basically managing her program in the most professional and well run manor possible. She works at the community level, having first hand experience with the families she is involved with. Although Jeannine holds major responsibility, she has the aid of her co-workers without whom the program could not succeed. The Family Support Specialists (the people who work with the families directly) must learn the curriculum, plan and deliver lessons faithfully following the curriculum, find resources for families to use, collect evaluation information, and debrief their classes while simultaneously hoping to create relationship with the students peers. Their job is tactful and sensitive to the individuals and hugely important for the reason that they are relaying the information necessary for improvement. Another position, the supervisor. holds a very influential one. The supervisor’s job is to attend the meetings with the families that the program recommends they attend. They are the observers and reporters, the superiority, and the mentors. They provide a safe haven for the families and a reassurance that this program is right for them. These positions are crucial to the programs, obviously making the prerequisites mandatory. In order to obtain a career in these programs, the conditions to do so vary with each one. Each takes a certain type of training ranging quite differently. If interested in Jeaninne’s position one must have a Masters Degree and/or a Bachelor Degree. One thing that caught my attention however, was the level of experience one needed in order to become a Family Support Specialist. During my interview I learned that in order to do so one must have a minimum of a high school diploma. Although they do look and prefer people with Bachelors degree, it isn’t necessary. This was surprising to me, and to be quite honest, somewhat off-putting. I was so excited to learn about these programs because I think they stand for such a wonderful cause, however I would hope that the prerequisites were a bit more esteemed. After learning about these programs I developed a belief in them. I think these programs are some of the most important in the world, for they are shaping the future of our generations by providing help and guidance to those suffering. It left me with an uneasy feeling that someone who graduated high school, never has taken an upper level course, or read subject matter about these issues more complex than a senior year in high school, was eligible to counsel these families. Some of the children may be more educated than the Support Specialist, in which case, seems entirely incongruous. Not to sound arrogant by any means, however I think the importance of these jobs lies in the educating of the troubled, and I don’t understand how those who are not fully educated are able to do so. I think this may be where problems with the social care system for families like this come from. Programs like these are not funded adequately, when they should take priority over many other careers (i. e. professional sports). This isn’t a fun game for these families, this is the harshest reality they have to live through at the time, and without programs like these there would be zero chance of them ever stopping. I think it is important to have employees educated profoundly on these matters so there will be little room for error. Like any job, the employees have their favorite aspects and least favorite aspects they deal with. In the course of my interview I learned that some of the best moments the workers receive is when their outcomes are positive. This response seems obvious, for any company loves when their outcomes are positive, however in a field like this the reward is personal. When families are showing they are learning, using the tactics they were taught, and becoming creative in difficult situations rather than violent or neglectful, the workers of La Frontera can see it is a job well done. Their entire purpose is being served, and applied for a brighter future for the families they care about. One of the aspects I admired most about these programs were how humble and dedicated they were. I would naturally assume that their favorite part of their work would derive from the positive results of their families, however each time Jeannine mentioned the progress she would always mention her other favorite part—learning from the families herself, permitting her to improve the programs. This was truly admirable in my opinion. These programs not only pride themselves on their success rates, but are fully determined to improve themselves as well. The families are truly in good hands, for the people taking care of them genuinely care. It is of no wonder why their least favorite parts of the job include tedious paperwork, reoccurring no-shows of families, and working late evenings. Although these factors would be least enjoyable for most people, it was still motivating to me. These people dedicate their lives, late hours, and missed time with their families to help others. The tedious paper work must be done, and although no one wants to do it, they all do without complaints. I am certain that these commitments are what result in their success. La Frontera Arizona is an organization comprised of three inner programs, each different, yet effective. Healthy Families recently had a national site visit and the scores they received throughout Pima County were the highest scores ever reported on a site visit. Not only does this indicate the sustainability of these programs, but illustrates the value these families hold as well. They are following their recommended service plans, getting their children immunized, not being referred to Child Protective Services, and maintaining a healthier family dynamic. On a satisfaction survey, the number one being the lowest and number seven being the highest, Jeannine reported that her programs usually receive a 6. 5. These numbers are truly remarkable and confirm the productivity of these prevention programs. Pasos Adelante, does not specifically measure outcomes, for their purpose is designed for the parents to achieve their goal on the treatment plan. These accomplishments are measured differently, making the results more difficult to obtain. These results are exceptionally powerful, however do not come at an easy pace. There are models, strategies, and prevention principles, which these programs adamantly follow in order to succeed, as well as they do. Most of these programs are based on what Jeannine called, â€Å"Risk and Protective Factor Theory†. This theory is designed to access the level of risk and protective factors within families and after doing so, target the services to increase the protective factors in order to reduce the risk. They use evidence-based models, some based off Karol Kumpfer in Utah because it is the most highly evaluated program existing right now they apply toward two different programs. Another evidence-based curriculum goes by the name of Growing Great Kids. Among the other strategies is a comprehensive set of strategies dealing with five domains in prevention. Each of those five domains encompasses its own set of strategies: individual, peer, family, institutional, and community domain. The more services they provide in each of those regions the better the outcome. There is an emphasis on community just as much as family work, which creates a lively and active community, hopefully influencing each other for the greater good. These tactics were intriguing to me for the purpose they serve—to enhance the community in hopes of a ripple effect into the homes of the individual difficult family. After interviewing, observing, and learning about this career I have a world of insight into this career path. It is one of the most admirable, important, and life-changing careers I have learned about throughout my life. It is extremely commendable the work these people do, for the effort they put in does not show its worth in a salary. It is a low paying job (monetarily), but the reward these employees receives goes beyond a paycheck. This is a job pertaining to being a hero, and helping people altar their lives from a tragic one to a hopefully happy ending. These staff members work long hours with difficult situations, and yet remain completely faithful. This is the job of a social worker- to dedicate their lives to the savings of others. It may not take quite the prestigious resume to obtain a job in this field, but it does take a remarkable heart. This career choice is a selfless one, and should be more publicly recognized for its great doings. It should not be overlooked by the government, but rather applauded regularly. The funding for these projects is entirely too low and I can only hope that in the future of our generations more attention will paid to the teachers in our lives who literally mold and nurture our futures. The staff of these three particular programs within this organization has remained for the last 20 years, and after speaking with Jeannine she assured me that the dedication of these people is nothing close to short and she wouldn’t be surprised to see them still on board for the next 20 years. I hope for myself that I find a profession that I am just as passionate about as the people who work in this career field are. They are not just social workers they are heroes. They are role models, and friends. They are a support ystem and a new family for those whose at home life seems temporarily broken. Occupations like this are the hope for our society, nation, and world. La Frontera Arizona is an admirable organization that should receive proper recognition for its greatness, as well as the rest of prevention programs existing. We are the future of the world, and we cannot forget to pay attention to those that need a little bit more than us. We are all each others neighbors, and a s a human being we should help the next. For if we do, our world can only progress into wonderful, marvelous things.